Heat Pumps triple dividend: low carbon, energy efficient & renewable Heat Pumps Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Thomas Nowak The European Heat Pump Association (ehpa) | Charlemagne | Brussels

Page 2 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Targets as set by the EU energy package: in 2020 Sources: DG TREN (2008): European Energy and Transport EEA (2007): Annual EC GHG inventory report

Page 3 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Contribution of heat pumps Use only a fraction of final energy to function Make renewable energy usable Emit very little GHG emissions compared to traditional heating systems Use local energy source Reliable & mature technology Economically efficient and affordable Fit for decentral energy production: heat pumps as controllable load

Page 4 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Energy flow in a heat Pump system Page 4 RES in final energy = Final energy savings RES in Primary energy GHG savings

Page 5 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Reduced demand in final energy demand by using renewable energy from air, water, ground (ambient heat) The renewable part (E renew ) is defined as the difference between the energy demand of the building (Q used ) and the final auxiliary energy used to operate the heat pump. E renew = Q used *(1 - 1 / Seasonal performance factor)

Page 6 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Impact on efficiency of heat pump based systems 1. Good unit+controls+fans +pumps (quality label, COP, EN 14511,´ß ^Ecodesign ) ´ß ^ 5. Transparent market (ie labels, informed actors) EBPDEcodesign 4. Supportive legislative framework for energy efficient systems RES 3. Qualified planners/installers (Article 13, RES) State of the art (Germany, 2008): SPF of 4 for ground-coupled HP SPF of 3,5 for air/water HP 2. Beneficial conditions - high source temperature - low temp. distribution system

Page 7 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Reduced GHG emissions by using renewable energy from air, water, ground (ambient heat) The GHG emission is defined by the efficiency of electricity production. When using electricity from entirely green sources, it could be as low as 0!

Page 8 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Comparision of three heating systems Assumptions Gas / gas+solartherm al Heat pump Energy demand15.000kWh Conversion efficiency 90% (gas) 60% RES contribution from solar thermal SPF of 4 Upstream losses | eta 10%Eff. of electricity production: 40% GHG emissions242g GHG/kWh thermal 411g GHG/kWh* * Gemis 4.5: 1) el-kw-park-EU ) gas-heizung-de-2002(Endenegie)

Page 9 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Energy flow Fossil Fuel Boilers Page 9

Page 10 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Energy Flow: Fossil Fuel Boilers + Solar Thermal Page 10

Page 11 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Heat Pumps Best For RES Share & for final energy savings 70% RES Share In Final Energy Page 11

Page 12 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Heat Pumps Best For GHG Emissions Reduction More than 50% reduction Page 12 (*) Assuming annual heat demand of kWh, which is typical for a new 150 m² house for 4 people with 50w/m² heat demand at design temperature

Page 13 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Heat Pumps Best For Primary Energy - significantly less Primary Energy than traditional Boilers Page 13

Page 14 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Heat pumps contribution on the large scale EHPA full impact scenario target HP contributionshare 20% final energy reducation3.135 TWh831 TWh26,52% 20% share from RES2.508 TWh714 TWh28,48% 20% GHG emissions reduction1.124 Mt221 Mt19,72%

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Page 16 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU What does it cost?

Page 17 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Summary Heat pumps do contribute a triple dividend to all EU energy savings and GHG reduction goals. Improvements in the efficiency of the heat pump system and the efficiency of electricity production increase this potential. Improvements in the energy demand of buildings (as of EPBD implementation) improve the applicability of heat pump technology. Huge potential of heat pump technology in the renovation and commercial sector. 17

Back-up slides

Page 19 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Share of renewable sources in total electricity use 2020 The German opportunity

Page 20 Heat Pumps – Low Carbon Solutions for Re-Energising the EU Efficiency vs. cost