Chip Nilges Vice President, Business Development OCLC Library Supply meets Library Demand: A Web 2.0 Approach Stellenbosch University 2008 Annual Symposium 6 November 2008

Top 20 visited Web sites worldwide Top Web properties worldwide by number of visitors - June 2008 (SEW)SEW

Membership Reports/Studies 90% are satisfied with search engines libraries = books Internet’s readers are becoming its authors 25% of general public and 50% of college students participate in social sites

33 % 186 % 27 % 33 % 10 % Changes in Web Use: Change in use of Web services from

The good news for libraries … 96% have visited a library 57% use libraries frequently 69% say library use is steady or higher 78% view libraries favorably as an information source In other words, it’s not a problem of demand

From OCLC: Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005) 84% Search Engines 2% Library Portals Is it a supply problem? Q: Where do you typically begin your search for information?

Libraries manage complex supply issues -Cooperative Collection Management -Floating Collections -Regional Courier Services -Private / Dedicated Fleet Management -Content / Collection Management -Digital content management - ERIM -Mass digitization

Libraries struggle with “Web scale supply” Collectively, libraries satisfy significant demand However … We have lacked a collective Web presence Our logistics systems tend to be paper based and fragmented Our digital delivery systems are not well coordinated We have not coordinated delivery of physical, digital, digitized materials

A Web 2.0 approach to library supply Use the Web as a service platform Touch the entire Web Release lightweight services Build better data & collect user intelligence What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software.” - Tim O’Reilly

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform The WorldCat.org Platform Destination Site Syndication Program Enterprise Solution Group Local Global

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org – Destination Site

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Syndicaton Program Over 5,000 affiliate sites

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform Sources of WorldCat.org Traffic Over 5,000 Web sites send traffic to libraries through WorldCat.org

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org Syndication: Google Book Search

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat.org - Enterprise Solution

Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform WorldCat Local: Results

Principle 2: Lightweight Services Includes Web services and systems that are designed to be “remixed” by others Supports machine-to-machine interaction between services over a network Efficient means of syndicating services across many Web sites

Principle 2: Lightweight Services OCLC and Lightweight Services WorldCat API developers from cataloging institutions in North America and Europe Search of WorldCat and retrieval of holdings Developers build applications that will drive people back to library services OCLC Web services xISBN, xISSN, xOCLCNUM WorldCat Identities Registries including institution, reviews, citations (lists), tagging Terminologies Metadata Crosswalk

Principle 2: Lightweight Services OCLC Dev eloper’s Network Reach a different user community Two way dialog Influence and feedback for planning Grid services Infrastructure for collaboration Contribute to the community

Principle 2: Lightweight Services WorldCat.org Widgets OCLC has released small applications for WorldCat for: Browsers Blogs / Web sites Popular sites (e.g., facebook)

Principle 2: Lightweight Services WorldCat API and the iPhone

Principle 3: Building Better Data

Principle 3: Building Better Data Old Data Paradigm Books Journals Newspapers Gov docs Etc. Special collections Manuscripts Papers Univ records Journal articles Conference proceedings Etc. Library catalogs Archives Abstracting & Indexing services Collections & Library-centric model

Principle 3: Building Better Data The importance of data in library search & retrieval Ludwig, Mark J. and Wells, Margaret R. “Google Books vs. BISON.” Library Journal, July 15,

Principle 3: Building Better Data What data do users want? Information most essential in identifying the item needed? End Users (n=7535)

high low high stewardship uniqueness Books Journals Newspapers Gov. docs CD, DVD Maps Scores Special collections Rare books Local/Historical newspapers Local history materials Archives & Manuscripts, Theses & dissertations Research, learning and administrative materials, ePrints/tech reports Learning objects Courseware E-portfolios Research data Institutional records Reports, newsletters, etc Freely-accessible web resources Open source software Newsgroup archives Principle 3: Building Better Data Cataloging the “Collective Collection”

Principle 3: Building Better Data OCLC’s Data Strategy Change the old paradigm Go global Go upstream Serve consumers first Cover more more ground Facilitate access

Principle 3: Building Better Data Going Global - National files pending for WorldCat Bibliothèque nationale de France Danish National Library Jewish National and University Library Libraries and Archives Canada National Library of Australia National Library of China National Library of Finland National Library of Iceland National Library of New Zealand National Library of Russia National Library of Scotland National Library of Slovenia National Library of Sweden National Central Library, Taiwan National Library of Wales Russian State Library Swiss National Library

% ¼ % Percentage of Non-English Records Total Records English French German Spanish Japanese Russian Chinese Italian Latin Portuguese Dutch Hebrew 1998: 37.5 m records 23.9 m 2.3 m 2.2 m 1.6 m.8 m.7 m.3 m.2 m 2008: m records 55.2 m 6.2 m 12.3 m 3.6 m 2.5 m 1.8 m 2.3 m 1.7 m 1.2 m.9 m 2.7 m.7 m Principle 3: Building Better Data Multilingual WorldCat

Principle 3: Building Better Data Going Upstream Upstream capture of ONIX metadata Libraries: Chicago Public Library Phoenix Public Library MIT Library The Ohio State University Library Publishers/vendors: Ingram Book Group Hachette Book Group Princeton University Press Taylor and Francis

Principle 3: Building Better Data E-Content Synchronization

Principle 3: Building Better Data Article-Level Metadata in WorldCat 20 million article-level records from BL 20,000 Inside Serials—articles from 20,000 journals 57 million TOTAL ARTICLE-LEVEL RECORDS NOW IN WORLDCAT.ORG

Principle 3: Building Better Data Accessing digitized library special collections Principle 3: Building Better Data Accessing digitized library special collections Thumbnail View the item

Principle 3: Building Better Data Accessing digitized library special collections Principle 3: Building Better Data Accessing digitized library special collections

Principle 3: Building Better Data Collect User Intelligence Tools and connections: Personal account Lists Citation tools Reviews, Ratings, RSS Social Tagging Sharing tools … Always adding more

Principle 3: Building Better Data Facilitating access via registries

Results WorldCat.org: Average Monthly Traffic 2 million unique users 13 million page views 6 million full record views 750,000 clickthroughs to library services (OPAC, ILL, OpenURL, etc.)

Results Page Views

Results WorldCat Local and Library Supply University of Washington July-Dec. 2006/ % increase in ILL requests via WorldCat 70% increase in borrowing within Summit consortium 2nd WorldCat.org now the 2 nd highest referrer to UW resolver

Results Before we congratulate ourselves too heartily … 1 Day Annual use of WC < 1 day’s use of Google.com

And what about the last mile problem?

Last Mile Problem Outsourcing circulation? Reducing the collective footprint for physical materials Home delivery of physical materials Outsourced circulation pilot

Last Mile Problem Managing the Collective Collection Shared Print Program Collectively enable research institutions to enact cooperative print management schemes Figure 1. Duplication rates have remained stable since the mid 1970s. Figure 2. Circulation activity varies by subject; shelf-status (reserves; closed stacks) may be a factor.

Last Mile Problem Cooperative Collections Management Pilot Assume institutions commit to retain and share 3 copies in storage… Savings Opportunity: 12.5M volumes (out of 27.5M analyzed) could be weeded from the 19 pilot participants 17.8 Linear Miles of Shelving At $3.00 (USD) per linear foot, $280k annual cost savings per library Could add 19 additional years to life of libraries

Last Mile Problem WorldCat Direct Pilot Results 84% Plan to use service again 91% Satisfied with service 58% Received book at home in less than 6 days; 91% < 10 days Home delivery of ILL requests from Web book seller

OCLC’s Web Strategy

Our goal: The world’s libraries. Connected. More collaboration More institutions More Web-scale More innovation Group Local Global

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.” —Charles Darwin

Thank you! Chip Nilges -