Preventing Pathogens Module 3~ Lesson 4

National Standard: 7.0.Demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and avoid or reduce health risks. MSDE Indicator: 7.5.C.1 Explain HIV/AIDS as a communicable disease

What are Pathogens? Pathogens are living organisms that cause infection or disease. The four main types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. These germs affect not only people, but also plants and animals. But, keep in mind, scientists have discovered “good” bacteria that our bodies cannot live without. Doctors are determining unique ways t0 make viruses work for us and even save lives! We love to eat some fungi, especially on pizza! Protozoa is being used as a way to reduce the wrinkles of old age and even treat harmful diseases such as Parkinson’s…

Objective… Today in Health, students will distinguish between viruses and bacteria to determine the pathogen that causes HIV/AIDS.

PreAssessment... Independently, complete RS Sheet 10, “Elementary Pretest on HIV/AIDS.” We will discuss your responses after you have had a chance to revise them. We will discuss your responses after you have had a chance to revise them.

Engage… As a way to review what you have already learned about the immune system, watch the BrainPop video entitled, “Immune System: Germs Beware!” Discuss: What other communicable disease is having a major impact on people in Maryland, the United States and around the world? Look at RS 11, “ HIV” and discuss the meaning of the acronym.

Explore Diseases can be both communicable and non- communicable…Read page 190 together and list characteristics of each on your Venn Diagram. Define pathogen, and infection in your Health notebook. What does it mean if a “disease” runs in a family? Read pages , “Signs of Communicable Diseases” record more information on your Venn Diagram.

Explain…Viruses While viruses are technically not a life form, they do exhibit some of the properties of life, such as the ability to evolve, and they contain bits of DNA--the code that makes up the properties of life. While viruses are technically not a life form, they do exhibit some of the properties of life, such as the ability to evolve, and they contain bits of DNA--the code that makes up the properties of life. Until 1935, scientists believed that viruses were essentially just a smaller version of bacteria--which science considers a living organism. However, when scientists first crystallized the "tobacco mosaic virus," they determined that viruses do not contain the ability to break down and consume food, known as metabolism--a requirement for life.

Explain…Viruses Viruses are the smallest of pathogens and cause the most infectious diseases. Viruses are the smallest of pathogens and cause the most infectious diseases. A virus requires a living host in order to persist and grow. Viruses effectively do not die; when not attacking a host, they remain in a static state. A virus requires a living host in order to persist and grow. Viruses effectively do not die; when not attacking a host, they remain in a static state. Viruses are so resilient and contain some of the code for life, theories abound that they could really be a precursor to the living organism. However, since viruses need a living host, it seems unlikely they could survive before life evolved. Viruses are so resilient and contain some of the code for life, theories abound that they could really be a precursor to the living organism. However, since viruses need a living host, it seems unlikely they could survive before life evolved.

Explain…Bacteria  Bacteria eat carbon. Many different things have carbon in them; and some things can make their own carbon internally through a process that involves capturing light -- photosynthesis.  Bacteria re one-celled living organisms that can, but do not always cause disease. Bacteria make people and animals ill be the harmful wastes they produce called toxins.  Some bacteria require oxygen for cellular respiration. Other bacteria do very well without any oxygen at all.

Who am I? Read each clue to categorize each pathogen as being either a virus or bacteria on your T-Chart.

I am very small in size!

You might know me as measles, polio, influenza, mumps, fever blisters, HIV, chicken pox or warts.

I often change how I react.

I can be treated with antibiotics.

You might know be by some of my names, pneumonia, tuberculosis, strep throat, and ear infections.

I survive only in living cells.

I am not affected by antibiotics.

I am larger in size but still microscopic.

We seldom change how we react.

We survive in a variety of environments.

I am very small in size!

Extend With your partner, click on this link to conquer Castle Diseases! Castle Diseases!Castle Diseases!

Evaluate Does your T-Chart look like this?

Evaluate

Extend

Read “The Stages of HIV/AIDS Infection” to take notes in your health notebook…