“ when all history happened”

A FAMOUS GHOST

1601Shakespeare’s Hamlet 1603Elizabeth I dies; James I of England and VI of Scotland takes the throne 1605Gunpowder Plot (Guy Fawkes): failed 1607Jamestown, first permanent English colony in North America, is settled in Virginia 1616Death of Shakespeare Throughout the first decades of the 17 th century: expansion of the Dutch East India and West India Companies. Access to Markets in Asia and the New World, political involvement, privateering, settling. END OF THE ELIZABETHAN ERA

CROSSING THE BRIDGE

1619Dutch East India Company, English East India Company, and Sultanate of Banten fight over Jayakarta. 1620The Dutch and the English begin a 3-year period of cooperation over the spice trade; Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock, Mass. 1622Jamestown Massacre in Virginia; James I dissolves Parliament 1625Charles I takes the throne; married to a French Catholic princess 1630Boston founded by Puritans 1636Harvard University is founded 1642English Civil War; Charles II against the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments 1649Charles I executed; beginning of the Interregnum 1652First coffee house in London 1653Cromwell becomes Lord Protector; dissolves Parliament in Diarist Samuel Pepys describes a new drink: “a Cupp of Tee, a China drink” 1658Death of Cromwell; The Sultan’s Head, a coffee house, advertises the sale of tea TIMELINE: HIGHLIGHTS

1660End of the Commonwealth of England, beginning of the Restoration 1661Charles II takes the throne Second Anglo-Dutch War; New Amsterdam gained by the English, and renamed to New York 1665Great Plague of London: dead, almost 15% of the population 1666Isaac Newton discovers gravity; Great Fire of London 1667John Milton, Paradise Lost 1671Morgan sacks Panama 1681William Penn and the Charter for Pennsylvania 1685James II, last Catholic king, takes the throne; Monmouth’s Rebellion 1688William III of Orange and Mary II of England assume English throne 1692Salem witch trials; William and Mary College founded in Virginia 1694Bank of England established MORE OF THE CENTURY

Christopher Wren, Jan Vermeer, John Locke (b. 1632) Louis XIV (b. 1638) Galileo (d. 1642) Isaac Newton (b. 1642) Rene Descartes (d. 1650) Daniel Defoe (b. 1661) Rembrandt (d. 1669) Rob Roy (b. 1671) Composers Bach and Handel (b. 1685) Descartes IMPORTANT BIRTHS AND DEATHS OF THE CENTURY Locke