Geographical Concepts IDigBio Train the Trainers Georeferencing Workshop Gainesville, Fl 8-12, Oct 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

Geographical Concepts IDigBio Train the Trainers Georeferencing Workshop Gainesville, Fl 8-12, Oct 2012

3 main concepts – Projection – Datum – Coordinate system Geographical Concepts

Geographical Concepts: Projections

Bonne equal-area projection

Geographical Concepts: Projections

What projections do Tissot’s Indicatrix of distortion Rectangular projection

Projections Examples Geographic preserves NS distance Mercator preserves shape (terrible for poles, distorts area)

Projections compromises… – Equal-area – True shape – True scale – True direction Select projection to fit your needs Projections: Take Home Message

Geographical Concepts: Datum

Common Datums NAD27 (North American Datum): system derived from land- based surveys, using Clarke 1886 ellipsoid NAD83: satellite-based system using the Earth’s center as a reference point; eventually adopted as GRS80 (Geodetic Ref. System 1980) WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984): mathematically refined GRS80 used by the US military and default for GPS For most uses, NAD83, GRS80, WGS84 are equivalent Geographical Concepts: Datums

Geographical Concepts: Coordinate Systems

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