Chapter 14, Section 2 Compromises Fail

Missouri Compromise Proposed by Henry Clay Missouri would be admitted as a slave state Maine would be admitted as a free state The Louisiana Territory north of the southern border of Missouri would be free of slavery. Southern slave owners had the right to pursue fugitives into northern…..

Goals/Results Balanced the interests of the North and South. Southerners were not happy because Congress gave itself the power to make laws regarding slavery. Northerners were not happy because Congress had allowed slavery to expand into another state

Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay Terms: California admitted as a free state Slave trade banned in Washington DC Popular Sovereignty would decide slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession. Southerners got a tough new fugitive slave law

Goal of Compromise To end slavery crisis by giving supporters and opponents of slavery some of what they wanted.

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Terms: Government officials may arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave by any white person. Suspects had no right to a trial. Northerners were required to help authorities capture accused runaway slaves if asked.

Results: Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 Thousands of northern African Americans fled to Canada.

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Proposed by Stephen Douglas Terms: Slavery in the new Kansas-Nebraska territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty

Results Results: Undid the Missouri Compromise Reopened the issue of slavery in territories Northerners outraged.

Kansas Election of 1855 Events: Both proslavery and antislavery settlers flooded Kansas and wanted to hold the majority in the territory. Thousands of Missourians entered Kansas illegally to select a territorial legislature . Antislavery settlers held a second election

Results: Kansas now had two governments Violence broke out and earned Kansas the name “Bleeding Kansas”

Chap. 14, Section 3 Dred Scott

Dred Scott was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom. Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue in federal court because African Americans were not citizens. Slaves were property, and the property rights of their owners were protected in all states. This meant Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory, and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Supporters of slavery rejoiced at this ruling, but northerners were shocked.

Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates Occurred during Illinois Senate race in the year 1858. Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led him to run as a Republican against Senator Stephen Douglas the author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The goal of the new Republican Party was to stop the spread of slavery into the western territories.

Lincoln’s stand on African Americans: Lincoln’s stand on slavery: Douglas’ stand on Popular sovereignty Lincoln’s stand on African Americans: Lincoln’s stand on slavery: Lincoln’s position on the Union: Each state has the right to choose slavery if it pleases a. not socially and politically equal to white people a. morally wrong In favor of the Union, Lincoln stated that the country could not survive “half slave and half free.” b. entitled to rights in the Declaration of Independence b. would die out on its own c. can’t be allowed in the west

John Brown’s Raid Who was John Brown? New England abolitionist driven out of Kansas for killing proslavery men there

His plan in 1859: Seize guns at Harper’s Ferry, give them to the slaves who joined him, lead them in a revolt that would eventually free all slaves

Southerners were worried because: Brown had support of northern abolitionists, many in the North saw him as a hero.

Chain of Events Leading to Civil War Chapter 14, Sec. 4 Chain of Events Leading to Civil War

The Election of 1860 There were four candidates in the election because: Proslavery and antislavery factions of the Democratic Party chose different candidates and some southerners joined the Constitutional Union

Candidates Northern Democratic candidate: Stephen Douglas Southern Democratic candidate: John Breckinridge Constitutional Union candidate: John Bell Republican candidate: Abraham Lincoln

The Winner * Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote, Lincoln received enough electoral votes to win the election. The election showed how divided the nation was.

Secession After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the election it responded by seceding from the Union. Southern leaders who opposed secession: 1. Tennessee senator Andrew Johnson 2. Texas Governor Sam Houston First state to secede from the Union: South Carolina Name of the new southern nation: Confederate States of America President of the southern nation: Jefferson Davis

Lincoln’s message to seceding states: 1. he assured the seceded states that he meant them no harm and that 2. he would not interfere with slavery where it existed. Response of seceding states to Lincoln’s message: Rejected They seized federal property in their borders

Fort Sumter Lincoln’s plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter: send a supply ship with no guns so southerners wouldn’t think he was attacking them South Carolina’s response to Lincoln’s plan: They fired on the fort, capturing it and starting the Civil War on April 12, 1861.