IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO: 1) DO THE DQ FOR THE DAY. WRITE THE DAILY QUOTE AND ANSWER THE QUESTION FOR THE DAY. 2) Read the notes 3) DO THE MAP. 5. PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION 2

What were the major social issues addressed by the Progressives? Daily Quote &Question (DQ ) “The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt 2 2 SONG FOR THE DAY: 1. All Around the World

“The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt “The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt SONG FOR THE DAY: BEEN AROUND THE WORLD Daily Comment & Card MODERN NAVY -New steel ships led the U.S, to take the lead in the world naval rankings -Alfred Thayer Mahan was a U.S. Naval officer who pushed for imperialism and growth of the U.S. Navy. His The Influence of Sea Power Upon History was used to justify a larger navy and taking of islands like the Philippines. 1880s

“The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt “The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt SONG FOR THE DAY: IN THE NAVY Daily Comment & Card SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR -A rebellion in Cuba against the Spanish starts the process -the “Yellow Press” labels the Spanish General in charge a butcher. -The U.S. battleship Maine explodes off the coast of Havana, Cuba -America fought Spain in the Philippines and Cuba -The Treaty of Paris ends the war to give Cuba independence and the U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines 1898

“The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt “The only man who makes no mistakes is the man who never does anything.” -Theodore Roosevelt SONG FOR THE DAY: BEEN AROUND THE WORLD Daily Comment & Card SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR -A rebellion in Cuba against the Spanish starts the process -the “Yellow Press” labels the Spanish General in charge a butcher. -The U.S. battleship Maine explodes off the coast of Havana, Cuba -America fought Spain in the Philippines and Cuba -The Treaty of Paris ends the war to give Cuba independence and the U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines 1898 MODERN NAVY -New steel ships led the U.S, to take the lead in the world naval rankings -Alfred Thayer Mahan was a U.S. Naval officer who pushed for imperialism and growth of the U.S. Navy. His The Influence of Sea Power Upon History was used to justify a larger navy and taking of islands like the Philippines. 1880s

A.REASONS FOR SHIFT B.FOREIGN POLICY C.SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR D.AFTERMATH & RESULTS OF WAR

-IN 1890s SHIFT IN EXPANSION POLICY. -NOW FOR NAVY BASES, OUTPOSTS, COMMERCIAL CENTERS (NOT FOR NEW SETTLEMENTS) -SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL (NOT FOR EMPIRE) WHY? 1)CLOSING OF FRONTIER 2)NEED FOR FOREIGN MARKETS (INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY) 3)MISSIONARY SPIRIT JOSIAH STRONG’S BOOK OUR COUNTRY: ITS POSSIBLE FUTURE AND PRESENT CRISIS SAID IT WAS THE DUTY OF THE CHRISTIAN TO SPREAD OUR SUPERIOR CIVILIZATION TO THE LESS FORTUNATE…

B.FOREIGN POLICY ALASKA -PURCHASED IN 1867 FROM RUSSIA -KNOWN AS SEWARD’S FOLLY -COST $7.2 MILLION THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH BROUGHT MANY NEW PEOLE TO THE NORTHWEST. IT BEGAN WHEN GOLD WAS FOUND IN THE YUKON (NEAR ALASKA) IN 1896 AND CONTINUED AS GOLD WAS FOUND IN ALASKA IN 1899.

HAWAII -NATURAL STOP BETWEEN ASIA & U.S BECOMES “AMERICAN PROTECTORATE” -SUGAR TRADE IMPORTANT UNTIL WE FIND OTHER SOURCES & THEIR ECONOMY SLUMPS -QUEEN LILIUOKALANI’S “HAWAII FOR HAWAIIANS” MOVEMENT -AMERICANS OVERTHROW HER, ASK FOR STATE… THAT DOESN’T HAPPEN UNTIL 1959 SANDFORD DOLE WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF HAWAII AND THE FIRST GOVERNER AS A TERRITORY OF THE U.S.—HE HELPED OVERTHROW THE QUEEN

SOUTH AMERICA -WANT TO GET RID OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE -FORM PAN-AMERICAN LEAGUE -WE INTERVENE WHEN TROUBLE WITH EUROPE EX: 1895 ENGLAND & VENEZUELA THERE WAS AN INCREASING WAVE OF JINGOISM IN AMERICA (THAT IS AN INTENSE FORM OF NATIONALISM CALLING FOR AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY) NOTE:

NEW NAVY -PROTECT TRADE AS EXPAND ECONOMIC INTERESTS -ALFRED THAYER MAHAN’S THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY STRESSES NEED FOR STRONG NAVY -SEC OF NAVY BENJAMIN TRACEY FOCUSES ON HEAVILY-ARMORED BATTLE SHIPS

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR REBELLIONS IN CUBA AGAINST SPANISH -NEWSPAPER OWNERS WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST (NEW YORK JOURNAL) AND JOSEPH PULITZER (NEW YORK WORLD) START THE ERA OF THE YELLOW PRESS BY TELLING TALES OF ATROCITIES IN A NEWSPAPER WAR. -MCKINLEY TRIES TO AVOID WAR, BUT…

-1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES IN HAVANA HARBOR AMERICANS SCREAM FOR JUSTICE! “REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH SPAIN!”

TELLER AMENDMENT SAYS WE HAVE NO INTENTION OF ANNEXING CUBA! “SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” (PHRASE USED BY SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HAY) BEGINS WITH MORE VOLUNTEERS THAN SUPPLIES… …AND IT IS A SHORT WAR (OVER WITHIN ONE YEAR)!

WE FIGHT IN PLACES OTHER THAN CUBA… LIKE THE PHILIPPINES (MANILA BAY) WHERE THE FIRST FIGHTING TAKES PLACE UNDER COMMODORE GEORGE DEWEY.

-AFRICAN-AMERICANS = 25% OF TROOPS - JOHN J. “BLACKJACK” PERSHING -“SMOKED YANKEES” -WAR LEADS TO MORE RACIAL UNREST IN THE U.S.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT BECOMES FAMOUS FOR LEADING THE ROUGH RIDERS IN A CHARGE UP SAN JUAN HILL (WITHOUT HORSES!) THIS IS A FAMOUS PAINTING BY FREDRICK REMINGTON

THE WAR ENDS WITH 5500 DEAD, ONLY 379 FROM BATTLE… THE TREATY OF PARIS GIVES CUBA INDEPENDENCE, BUT THE U.S. GETS: PUERTO RICO GUAM PHILIPPINES -THE PHILIPPINES BECOMES A PROBLEM -RACIAL ISSUES & CHEAP LABOR SOURCE -WE FIGHT A WAR BECAUSE THEY WANT INDEPENDENCE (Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebellion) - NOT FREE UNTIL 1946!

LOTS OF QUESTIONS… 1)ARE THESE AMERICAN CITIZENS? 2)DO THEY HAVE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION? 3)DO THEY GET REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS? SUPREME COURT SAID CONSTITUTION NOT AUTOMATIC…CONGRESS CAN DO AS THEY SEE FIT OFFICIAL TERRITORIES = HAWAII, ALASKA, PUERTO RICO MILITARY RULE = GUAM, SAMOA, PHILIPPINES CUBA = MILITARY OCCUPATION, THEN SELF-RULE PLATT AMENDMENT IN CUBAN CONSTITUTION GIVES US THE RIGHT TO INTERFERE FOR THEIR WELL BEING IT ALSO GAVE US A NAVAL BASE KNOWN AS GUANTANAMO BAY!! They decided this in the Insular (Island) cases.

RESULTS OF SP-AM WAR 1)THEODORE ROOSEVELT POPULAR 2)AFRICAN-AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS SUFFERS (RACIST THINKING) 3)REPUBLICANS FIRMLY IN POWER 4)WE DOMINATE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 5)EUROPE HAS TO DEAL WITH US AS EQUAL 6)U.S. MAJOR POWER IN ASIA SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HAY ASK OTHERS TO ACCEPT AN “OPEN DOOR” POLICY IN CHINA GIVING EVERYONE A THEIR OWN “SPHERE OF INFLUENCE” IN 1900 A SECRET SOCIETY OF CHINESE NATIONLISTS ATTACKED FOREIGNERS AND MURDERED MISSIONARIES. U.S. TROOPS MARCHED INTO PEKING AND CRUSHING THE BOXER REBELLION.

THE CARIBBEANTHE PHILIPPINES Havana PACIFIC OCEAN THE PHILIPPINES

Expansion Political Cartoon Your job is to create a political cartoon for either Hearst or Pulitzer’s paper. It should make some statement about expansion. Suggested topics: Spanish atrocities in Cuba Spanish-American War Alaska Hawaii Problems in the Philippines Constitutional Issues from Expansion Open Door Policy in China The need for a strong Navy Be sure to include a caption for your cartoon!