Newton’s 1 st Law – Objectives: 1.Explain the relationship between the motion of an object and the net external force acting on it. 2.Determine the net external force on an object. 3.Calculate the force required to bring an object into equilibrium. Homework – castle learning

Newton's First Law Newton's first law of motion: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton’s First Law Inertia Tendency of an object to maintain its STATE OF MOTION Inertia Tendency of an object to maintain its STATE OF MOTION Also known as the “Law of Inertia” Forces Don't Keep Objects Moving Forces Don't Keep Objects Moving

Newton’s 1 st law – the law of inertia The state of motion of an object is defined by its velocity - the speed with a direction. velocity Inertia: tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity. Inertia: tendency of an object to resist accelerations. Forces Don't Keep Objects Moving Forces Don't Keep Objects Moving

Everyday Applications of Newton's First Law

Do these guys have a lot of inertia? LOTS OF INERTIA hard to… GET MOVING or STOP MORE MASS means MORE INERTIA Inertia is proportional to MASS

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces If two individual forces are of equal magnitude and opposite direction, then the forces are said to be balanced. When only balanced forces act on an object, the object is said to be at equilibrium. Unbalanced forces

Acceleration is determined by net external force Net external force: the resultant force from a vector additions of all external forces acting on an object. Unbalanced force means there is net external force. Net external force produce acceleration. Newton’s 1 st law states that an object will not accelerate if the net external force is zero.

Equilibrium Equilibrium is the state in which there is no change in a body’ motion. Newton’s 1 st law states one condition that must be true for equilibrium: the net external force acting on a body in equilbrium must be equal to zero.

Determining Net External Force 1.Draw a free body diagram (FBD) 2.Select a coordinate system, and apply it to the FBD. 3.Find the x and y components of all vectors. A x =Acosθ A ; A y =Asinθ A ; B x =Bcosθ B ; B y =Bsinθ B … 4.Find the x and y component of the resultant vector: R x =A x + B x …; R y =A y + B y … 5.Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the resultant vector. 6.Use tan -1 function to find the angle the resultant vector makes with the x-axis. 7.Evaluate your answer.

Determining the Net Force 400 N up 200 N down 20 N left ABC 40 N 30 N R 2 = (30N) 2 + (40N) 2 θ = tan -1 (40/30) = 53.1 o Net force is 50 N at 53.1 o West of North The net force is the vector sum of all the forces that act upon an object.

Example 4A Joe leaves his physics book on top of drafting table that is inclined at a 35 o angle. The FBD shows the forces acting on the book. Find the net external force acting on the book, and determine whether the book will remain at rest in this position. X (N)Y (N) FnFn 018 N FfFf -110 FgFg 22cos(-55 o )22sin(-55 o ) R20 The net external force is 2 N in the positive x direction, the book will not remain at rest. -55 o

Class work Page 133 – practice 4F Page 135 – section review #1-5