Romanticism  “Hawthorne is, along with "Moby Dick" author Herman Melville, the best known of America's mid-19th-century romantic writers. Like the British romantics, the most famous of whom are the poets Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth and Keats, the American romantics wrote of a nature that reflected the handiwork of its creator.  Nature in romantic literature is moral; it bears symbolic meaning, and humans who challenge it with inadequate respect for the immanent power of the divine generally learn painful lessons in humility.  “Hawthorne is, along with "Moby Dick" author Herman Melville, the best known of America's mid-19th-century romantic writers. Like the British romantics, the most famous of whom are the poets Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth and Keats, the American romantics wrote of a nature that reflected the handiwork of its creator.  Nature in romantic literature is moral; it bears symbolic meaning, and humans who challenge it with inadequate respect for the immanent power of the divine generally learn painful lessons in humility.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Mary Shelley Bio  Handout  c/literature/litlibrary/pdf/fran kenstein.pdf  Handout  c/literature/litlibrary/pdf/fran kenstein.pdf

Gothic Novels  What do you think of when you hear the term “Goth?”

Gothic Novels  “The Romantic literature preoccupied with mystery, horror, and the supernatural is known as Gothic. The name is a reference to the barbaric Gothic tribes of the Middle Ages, or to medieval times in general with its castles, knights and adventure. Gothic novels tended to feature brooding tones, remote settings, and mysterious events. The characters’ inner emotional lives receive a lot of attention, as does the struggle between good and evil. The style took its name from Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story, the first book identified as belonging to the genre.”

Gothic Architecture

“American Gothic” by Grant Wood (1930)

James Whale ’ s Frankenstein, l931 Boris Karloff

Terence Fisher ’ s The Curse of Frankenstein, 1957

Kenneth Branagh ’ s Mary Shelley ’ s Frankenstein, l994

Young Frankenstein, 1974

Frame structure of Frankenstein Monster’s story Frankenstein’s story Captain Robert Walton

Themes  Beauty  Revenge  Pursuit of knowledge  Ambition  Science, nature.  conflict with parent and child  Beauty  Revenge  Pursuit of knowledge  Ambition  Science, nature.  conflict with parent and child

 At some level, Aylmer appears to have sensed this. As heir to the long line of alchemists who sought the universal solvent by which gold might be "elicited from all things vile and base," Aylmer believed that it was within human power to discover the long- sought medium. But he also believed that "a philosopher who should go deep enough to acquire the power would attain too lofty a wisdom to stoop to the exercise of it" [8].”