Green Chemistry

Sponsored by:

“ Chemistry has an important role to play in achieving a sustainable civilization on earth.” — Dr. Terry Collins, Professor of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University

Green chemistry is the design of products and processes reducing or eliminating hazardous substances. Green Chemistry is a subset of Design for Environment applying innovative scientific solutions to product manufacturing. Definition

Definition: An Industry Example Shaw’s Green Chemistry Goals  Develop a sustainable thermopolymer platform for the future.  Cradle to cradle sustainability of face fiber and backing—100% of the product.  No increase in price. No sacrifice of performance. No loss of design variety.

GREEN CHEMISTRY SUPPORTS SUSTAINABILITY BY: Making chemicals safe for our health & environment, Using industrial processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous chemicals, & Designing more efficient processes that minimize waste

GREEN CHEMISTRY MEANS… Preventing pollution before it happens rather than cleaning up the mess later. Saving companies money by using less energy and fewer/safer chemicals, thus reducing costs & impacts of pollution. Mitigating climate change, water & resource depletion, & growing demands for safer food and cleaner energy

1.Prevention: it is best to prevent pollution/waste 2. Atom Economy: synthetic methods should maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product 3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: synthetic methods should use and generate non toxic substances Green Chemistry Principles

4.Designing Safer Chemicals: products should be nontoxic & designed to effect their desired function 5.Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents) should be avoided and innocuous when used 6.Design for Energy Efficiency: Run chemical reactions at ambient temperature and pressure Green Chemistry Principles 4,5,6

7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks: raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting 8. Reduce Derivatives: Avoid unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste Green Chemistry Principles 7,8

9.Catalysis: Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents which are used in excess and work only once 10. Design for Degradation: Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products Green Chemistry Principles 9,10

11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution: Include in-process real-time monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate byproducts 12. Minimize accidents: Design chemicals and their forms (solid, liquid, gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, releases, explosions, and fires Green Chemistry Principles 11,12

Presidential Green Chemistry Award

 Sustainable thermo- plastic platform for the future.  Closed-loop recovery of face yarn and all backing components.  No increase in price and no loss of performance or variety. Recognizing Product Excellence: Presidential Green Chemistry Award Recipient Shaw EcoWorx ™ Carpet Tile Shaw Industries is the world’s largest manufacturer of carpets for home and business – and leader in sustainability.

TetraAmidoMacrocyclic Ligand or TAML® Activators

1. Design molecular “cup” thought to be suitable for attaining long- lived catalysts 1. Design molecular “cup” thought to be suitable for attaining long- lived catalysts 3. Characterize broken cup and identify breaking point 2.Oxidize catalyst until cup “breaks” 4. Modify weak site to be more robust 4. Modify weak site to be more robust Designing Ligands for Oxidizing Complexes, T. J. Collins Accounts Chem. Res., 1994, 27, TAML ® Oxidant Activators: A New Approach to the Activation of H 2 O 2 for Environmentally Significant Problems, T. J. Collins Accounts Chem. Res., 2002, 35, The Design Protocol That Led to TAML® Catalysts

formed from biochemically common elements – prototype exhibits v. low toxicity beginning of “dial-a-lifetime” catalysis economical to synthesize water-soluble usable from pH 1 to 13 efficient users of peroxide —fast peroxidase/slow catalase 10 US patents, >70 counting foreign nationalizations effective at 0.1 to 4 ppm = nM to low  M amenable to modifications for capturing novel selectivity currently being produced for small scale commercial uses formed from biochemically common elements – prototype exhibits v. low toxicity beginning of “dial-a-lifetime” catalysis economical to synthesize water-soluble usable from pH 1 to 13 efficient users of peroxide —fast peroxidase/slow catalase 10 US patents, >70 counting foreign nationalizations effective at 0.1 to 4 ppm = nM to low  M amenable to modifications for capturing novel selectivity currently being produced for small scale commercial uses TAML® Catalyst Features

TAML ® Activators Are Broadly Useful Oxidation Catalysts TEXTILES dye bleaching, effluent decolorization PULP AND PAPER pulp bleaching, effluent AOX and color removal WATER CLEANING halogenated aromatics and organics destruction LAUNDRY Dye transfer inhibition, stain removal CHEM/BIO DEFENSE Rapid destruction of chem-bio warfare/terrorism agents plus PETROLEUM REFINING rapid oxidation of sulfur contaminants, other uses

Shaw EcoWorx Carpet  PVC & polyurethane substitute for carpet backing  Made from nontoxic polyolefin  Recyclable & contains fewer harmful chemicals  stry/dsca03.html Recognizing Product Excellence: Presidential Green Chemistry Award Recipient

EcoWorx ™ Production EcoWorx represented 70% of all carpet tile production at Shaw by the end of 2003 In June 2004 Shaw announced it would exit PVC use by year-end in favor of the EcoWorx sustainable metallacene catalyzed polyolefin compound.

EcoWorx ™ Carpet Tile Grinding and airflow separate backing from fiber for sustainable recycling LDPE - flexible base polymerLDPE - flexible base polymer HDPE/MAH - adhesion and filler compatibilityHDPE/MAH - adhesion and filler compatibility Alaphatic tackifier - adhesion and flow modificationAlaphatic tackifier - adhesion and flow modification Coal Fly Ash – inorganic fillerCoal Fly Ash – inorganic filler Oil – adhesive compatibilizerOil – adhesive compatibilizer Nylon 6 – caprolac- tam monomerNylon 6 – caprolac- tam monomer 25% postindustrial recycled content25% postindustrial recycled content Over 20 million lbs of recovered nylon used in 2003Over 20 million lbs of recovered nylon used in 2003 N6 depolymerization by Honey-wellN6 depolymerization by Honey-well recovered caprolactam repolymerizedrecovered caprolactam repolymerized Backing ChemistryFiber Chemistry

IN SUMMARY, GREEN CHEMISTRY IS… Scientifically sound Cost effective & Leads toward a sustainable civilization

For further information on real world green chemistry ml For introductory readings in green chemistry acsdisplay.html?DOC=education\greenchem\greenreader.html

Thanks to the Sponsors: