Five Slides About: Toulmin’s Argumentation Scheme Created by Kate Plass, Franklin & Marshall College, and posted on VIPEr on July, 2015, Copyright Kate Plass, This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license visit

Explaining concepts F is more electronegative than O Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?

Explaining concepts Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the right of O F is more electronegative than O Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why? What connects these?

The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the position of an element within a period shifts to the right. Explaining concepts Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the right of O F is more electronegative than O Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?

The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the position of an element within a period shifts to the right. Explaining concepts Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the right of O F is more electronegative than O Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why? But why is this?

The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the position of an element within a period shifts to the right. Explaining concepts Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the right of O F is more electronegative than O Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why? The observed electronegativity trend is a consequence of the increased electrostatic attraction experienced by electrons neighboring F as compare to O. In comparison to O, F has one more proton in the nucleus and one electron added to the same shell (n = 2). Because the added electron does not significantly shield other electrons from the nucleus, the result is a net increase in the effective charge and the electrostatic attraction that a F nucleus exerts on nearby electrons of other atoms.

Warrant Explanation of how data leads to the claim Warrant Explanation of how data leads to the claim Toulmin’s Argumentation Scheme Data Evidence, observations, facts, procedures Data Evidence, observations, facts, procedures Claim Backing Explanation of why warrant has authority Backing Explanation of why warrant has authority

Warrant What are the trends, equations, relationships you are using? Give the data and warrant (usually ~1-2 sentences) on exams in response to “How do you know?” Warrant What are the trends, equations, relationships you are using? Give the data and warrant (usually ~1-2 sentences) on exams in response to “How do you know?” How do we apply this? Data What do you see? What do you measure? Data What do you see? What do you measure? Claim Backing What is the fundamental physical reason? How do we relate this to a chemical theory? In response to requests for a “logical explanation with a fundamental physical basis”, give the backing and use the data and warrant to trace the logical connection to the claim. Backing What is the fundamental physical reason? How do we relate this to a chemical theory? In response to requests for a “logical explanation with a fundamental physical basis”, give the backing and use the data and warrant to trace the logical connection to the claim.