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Chemical Reactions Enzymes

Chemical reactions change one set of molecules into a new set of molecules..

Chemical reactions change one set of molecules into a new set of molecules. The molecules that you start with in a chemical reaction are called the reactants. The molecules that you end with are called products.

REACTANTS > PRODUCTS

Chemical reactions change reactants into completely different products.

In chemical reactions, bonds can be broken and bonds can be formed.

When something is broken down, it is called digestion. When something is built up, it is called synthesis.

Synthesis A chemical reaction can join many monomers together to form a polymer. A monomer is a single, simple molecule. A polymer is large, complex molecule made when many monomers are joined together.

Glucose

STARCH

Through chemical reactions…. – glucose can be built into starch – simple sugars can be built into carbohydrates – amino acids can be built into proteins. Through chemical reactions… – starch can be digested into glucose – carbohydrates can be digested into simple sugars – proteins can be digested into amino acids.

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the human body. Chemical reactions are needed to break down food, to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages, to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so much more.

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the human body. Chemical reactions are needed to break down food, to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages, to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so much more. Your body needs to do over 200 TRILLION chemical reactions PER SECOND for you to stay alive!!!!!!!

A catalyst is a molecule that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.

The catalysts in our body are called enzymes.

Enzymes are special protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things.

Enzymes can catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions 10 million times faster than they would occur on their own. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things would not happen fast enough to sustain life.

There are MANY different enzymes in the body. Every chemical reaction has a specific enzyme helper. In other words, each enzyme is designed to work with ONE specific reaction.

For example… A SPECIFC enzyme is designed to digest carbohydrates into simple sugars. This enzyme is called “amylase”

To sum up enzymes… Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things.

What do we know about enzymes?

Enzymes are catalysts Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Each chemical reaction has a specific enzyme Enzymes speed up the synthesis and digestion of molecules in living things. All enzymes are proteins.