How to Build a Digital-Physical System-Lab Assegid Kidané Fall 2012

Outline Week 1- Introduction, overview, breadboard, safety, rules, Fritzing, LED demo Week 2 - Basic electronics, components, ohms law, conventions, test equipment, Wire stripping and soldering Week 3 - Arduino hardware and software Week 4 and on - Various functions and combination setups

The Big Picture

Steps Define problem and goals clearly Develop flowchart and algorithm Select main components Develop hardware and software Put it together and test Iterate until goals are met

Outline Electricity/Water analogy Electrical/Electronic circuit elements Basic formulae Reading and drawing schematics Using datasheets Microcontrollers, Arduino, Sensors, Actuators, Media Software environments Experiential media integration

Goal Basic electronics Use of Arduino environment Interactive environment design

Circuit Elements Resisitors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors Integrated Circuits Subgroup of ICs  Microcontrollers (pic, Atmega etc.) Microcontroller development boards  Arduino

Breadboarding Provides connectivity Allows reconfiguration

Connectivity Under the Hood

Breadboard in Kit

Wiring Pattern

Soldering Make permanent connections on the PCB

Test Equipment Multimeter Oscilloscope Signal Generator Power Supply Logic Analyzer Hand tools

Multimeter Use to measure Voltage, Current and Resistance  Some measure frequency, capacitance, temperature and more *** Caution***  Take extra care when measuring current  Start with a selection higher than the highest expected value

Oscilloscope Provides detailed graphic representation of signals Essential for signals with ac components Usefull for monitoring noise

Datasheets Your crucial companion Consult the manufacturer's datasheet if unsure of a device's specific behaviour Of special interest  Pinouts  Absolute maximum ratings  Typical application circuit

PCB Design Eagle software

Eagle 6.02 Details Easy to use Output files compatible with and accepted by most PCB fabs IDE available for Windows, Mac and Linux Frequently updated library Freeware version available limited to 100 x 80 mm boards, 2 signal layers and 1 sheet

Fabrication!

General Architecture Participatory Environment ( Installation, Performance)  Sensing  Data Processing  Actuation and Feedback

environment sensing Computing Feedback & Actuators

Sensors Motion  Position, Acceleration, Rotation Pressure Light Sound Temperature Biometric sensors

Some Sensors

Data Processing Desktop, Laptop Single Board Computer (SBC, Raspberry pi, Beagleboard) Physical Computing Platform (Arduino, Parallax, mbed) Develop using a microcontroller (Pic, Atmega, 8051)

Some Processors

Introduction to the Arduino Environment Arduino Uno Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad ATmega Micro controllers Bootloader Installed Open Source IDE for Windows, OSx and Linux

Arduino Uno 14 Digital I/Os 6 Analog Inputs 6 PWM Outputs USB Connectivity and Programming USB bus or External Power 16MHz Clock and 32KB Flash Memory

Arduino Uno Cont’d USB Port External Power Digital I/Os, PWM, Serial Port Analog Inputs Power and Reset

Arduino Mini Pro Small footprint 16k Flash Program ROM 14 Digital and 6 Analog I/Os All UNO features except it needs external hardware for programming

Arduino Nano Most Versatile Arduino Arduino Mini(stamp) with built-in USB interface and ICSP header All desirable features of Atmega 328 controller All analog inputs available in standard DIP layout

Other Hardware Include  ArduinoBT  ArduinoXBee  Wee Various Sheilds

Arduino Programming Simple Fast No programming hardware needed*

Sample Code Read a sensor  Data = analogRead(pin) Control analog devices(motor, light, etc)  analogWrite(pin, strength) Read a digital signal  digitalRead(pin) Output a digital signal  digitalWrite(pin, HIGH)

Output & Actuation Video displays, Projectors Speakers Lights Motors Haptic feedback devices

Actuators & Output Devices

Max/MSP Allows sophisticated audio and video manipulation and feedback Puredata for an OpenSource alternative with little graphics Many objects exist to interface with almost anything. Either direct or from 3 rd party developers.

Experiential Media System

Lab Class Kit Arduino Uno LEDs (4) RGB LEDs (3) Stepper motor Stepper driver FSR Piezzo CDS light sensor Mini breadboard USB cable Push button switch IR ranger IR ranger connector 10K potentiometer

AME Digital Culture Kit

Collect Checkout Forms and Regulation Sheet Tool checkout form Electronic Kit checkout form Lab and equipment maintenance regulations

Safety Considerations Avoid cobweb wiring Monitor current consumptionwhen using power supplies Use solid wires on breadboards

LED Demo Power from Arduino Use push button switch to turn LED on

Resources Books Physical Computing, O'Sullivan and Igoe The Art of Electronics, Horowitz and Hill

Web and Contact Info (cell)

Questions?? Thank you