Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks

Formation of Sedimentary Rocks Most sedimentary rocks are composed… ADD HERE The sediments that are weathered from older rock are transported to new locations by an erosional agent – like streams or glaciers. Most of these sediments will eventually be deposited as horizontal beds in large bodies of water. Over time, these deposited sediments will transform into sedimentary rock through a number of different processes including: -- COMPACTION -- CEMENTATION -- CHEMICAL ACTION -- ORGANIC PROCESSES

Compaction and Cementation Many sediments exposed to movements of the Earth and/or the weight of overlying large bodies of water over long periods of time are “compressed” together – reducing pore space and volume between sediments or clasts. This is known as compaction. Most sediments that experience compaction also experience cementation. Cementation occurs when dissolved minerals in water precipitate in the pore space between sediments “cementing” them together. Shale is formed from the… ADD HERE Sandstone is formed from the… ADD HERE Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Chemical Action Water at Earth’s surface contains many soluble minerals (minerals dissolved in water). When water evaporates, the minerals in solution will precipitate out as a solid, crystalline form known as an evaporite. Evaporites are composed of one mineral and are non-clastic. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks are rocks… ADD HERE Evaporites are also called chemical sedimentary rock. A BC Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks (evaporites) include: rock salt (A), rock gypsum (B), and dolostone (C). Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Organic Processes Bioclastic Sedimentary Rocks Some sedimentary rocks are formed from the organic processes of living things. These rocks are often referred to as… ADD HERE Bioclastic sedimentary rocks are those made by… ADD HERE Bituminous Coal is compacted remains of plants. Fossiliferous Limestone is formed by the compaction and cementation of shell fragments.

Distinguishing Features of Sedimentary Rocks

Distinguishing Features of Sedimentary Rocks Some sedimentary rock preserves features that may appear… ADD HERE

Identifying Sedimentary Rocks RT = Pg. 7 The clasts within a sedimentary rock measure.002 cm in diameter. What is the name of the rock?