1 Transient Voltage Protection By Curt Olsen Director of Marketing & Sales, Scottsdale Division Coordinating Activity for Transient Voltage Protection Products

2 The Circuit Protection Applications Protection from: Induced Lightning Spikes Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) Load Switching Spikes NEMP Disturbances

3 Overview of the Damaging Effects Lightning is the most obvious threat, heralding its presence with bright flashes across the sky and raucous thunder. Powerful lightning strokes usually cause damage by inducing currents into both power and communication lines. Direct hits are rare. Specific information on threats are defined in IEC , ANSI C62.41, FCC Part 68 and AIRINC DO-160C. These documents include both conducted and radiated threats. Worst case transients are more than 1 kA, with the low end of the spectrum at tens of amps. Occurring in multiple discharges, lightning typically has two to three strokes per flash but can range up to twenty for severe events. Although extensive data has been compiled to predict the flash density per square kilometer, lightning is predictably unpredictable, hence it is virtually impossible to know where the next strike will hit. Load switching is the silent killer, producing spikes (L(di/dt) effects) as described by Faraday’s laws of induction. Spike voltages can range from tens of volts to several thousand with associated short circuit currents from a few amps to greater than 200 A. Bursts can occur from resonance producing closely spaced, repetitive 2 kV spikes or “electrical fast transients” as defined in IEC Other documents defining induced transients are found in MIL-PRF-704, DOD-PRF-1399 and AIRINC DO-160C. Many laboratory and field observations support the conditions stated in these standards. The writer has observed 0.5 us, 1500 V closely spaced multiple voltage spikes while de-energizing relays. When your power fails, energy stored in inductive loads such as transformers and motors is dumped into the utility line. This produces spikes which can latch up controls on appliances. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the insidious killer that can zap a microchip with a spike of only 2 kV, well below the threshold of perception of the finger tip. Worst case values are 15 kV or more delivering 30 A. This threat is described in IEC The aspect of this threat which makes it so devastating is its fast rise time, in the subnanosecond range, with values reported as low as 100 picoseconds. Contacting and separating two dissimilar materials (leather shoe soles on wool carpeting or rubber sports shoes on tile) builds up an electric charge on both surfaces. The generation of static electricity is heavily influenced by ambient humidity. At 10% relative humidity, the amount of static build-up is about twice the level developed at 40%, and four times the level at 55%.

4 Microsemi TVS Solutions Any package, any voltage, any power level All the “standard” solutions –SMA/SMB/SMC/SML –SOIC Arrays –Axial plus: –Low capacitance series –Ultra low capacitance (USB) –Low clamping voltage –Multiple die stacks and arrays –Miniaturization –Any application specific solution

5 TVS Products - Market Size FY98 SAM=$665,000 Major competitors world wide GI/GSI33% Motorola33% Thomson12% Philips 8% Teccor 5% Microsemi 4% Other 5% Market growth projected at 20%

6 TVS - Target Markets Aerospace - Chips, Cells, Hermetic Axial & SM Automotive - Chips & Wafers, Melf, Load-Dump Commercial - SM, Axial, Powermite, SOIC, USB, TSPD Computer - USB, SOIC, Powermite, SM, Axial Medical - Chips, Cells, Straps Industrial - Modules, SOIC, SM, Axial, Load-Dump Military - Metal Can, Modules, Hermetic Axial & SM Telecom - Powermite, SM, Axial, MSV (varistors), SMCLCE, TSPD We have products for every market!

7 TVS-Product Portfolio TVS Diodes –Axial glass and plastic to 20kW –Surface mount glass and plastic to 3kW –Low cap and low voltage series TVSArrays –Standard and low capacitance –SO8 and SO16 packages USB TVSArray SO8 –Ultra low capacitance –High frequency, low attenuation TVS Modules –Up to 1,000,000 watts per cubic inch –Any shape and terminal configuration TSPD “crowbar” Diodes –Plastic axial and surface mount –Standard products at 50A and 100A

8 TVS Diodes - Specifications Operating voltage: 3V thru 1000V Stacking and parallel configurations available Broad power rating: 150 watts thru 20kW Unipolar and bipolar configurations Low capacitance axial and surface mount Low clamping voltage series, axial and surface mount Packages: –Axial glass and plastic –Surface mount glass and plastic –Powermite (soon Powermite 2) –Chips, cells, Arrays

9 TVS Diodes - Thrust Products SMA 500 watt plastic surface mount SMB 600 watt plastic surface mount SMC 1500 watt plastic surface mount SML 3000 watts in an SMC package Powermite 150 watt miniature plastic SM P3K3.0 low voltage series SMCLCE low cap, 1500 watt TVS Chips, Cells, Arrays, for hybrid applications SMA, SMB Zener Diodes

10 TVS Diodes - Thrust Product Advantages SMA –Thermally superior to competition –Rated at 500 watts SML –Only one viable competitor –3000 watts in a 15 watt package Powermite –Only one competitor –Smallest size TVS available SMCLCE –world’s only supplier Chips –Total wafer fab control –Time to market Price competitive!

TVS Die for Hybrids Chips from.020 inch to.320 inch square Unipolar or bipolar configurations Disk-die-disk (cells) available –100% clamp tested –Any polarity uni- or bipolar –Any metallization top & bottom FlipChips for C.O.B. applications Strap assemblies and arrays Commercial or Hi-Rel (JANKC) available

12 TVS Diodes - New Products Powermite 2 –1500 watt TVS –Maintain PCMCIA height specification –Samples available in September P3K –Low operating and clamping voltage (3-5 Volts) –Samples available now

13 SOIC TVSArrays TM Capability 3.3V thru 36V+ Unipolar and Bipolar configurations Low capacitance series Any GI, Semtech, Protek socket We Target SMDA and SMDB sockets ESD protection (multi-line) Commercial, Computer, Industrial markets Thrust Products USB 0805C SMDA, SMDB SMDAXXC-5 SMDAXXC-6 SMDAXXC-7

14 TVS Array Options

15 USB08XX SOIC TVSArrays Capacitance of <5pF per line Nanosecond response time Low parasitic inductance 300Watt peak pulse Leakage 3.5V SO-8 surface mount package

16 TVS Modules Power levels exceeding 1,000,000 watts per cubic inch Focus on custom configurations Unipolar or bipolar configurations Low capacitance versions available Second source all GSI modules Microsemi is the primary supplier of lightning strike protection modules to the commercial avionics industry.

17 TSPD Diodes Secondary lightning protection for: Communication and control lines Central office systems PABX’s Subscriber station protectors Related peripherals Modems Cable connectors Unique Advantages: Voltage triggered Low on-state “crowbar” voltage High current capability (up to 200A) Positive slope V(BO) Minimize false triggering or partial turn-on

18 Target End Applications Computers/Peripherals –USB Applications –Modems –Printers Battery Chargers IC Protection Lightning Protection Mil/Aero Solutions

19 Selecting a TVS Diode What peak surge power is required (watts vs time) Stand off voltage equal to or greater than the normal circuit operating voltage Clamping voltage below the voltage that could cause damage to the protected component Unipolar or bipolar configurations Microsemi has over 12,000 TVS device types You can find the part you need by using our selection guide tools or by using the TVS Cross Reference Guide.

20 Over 60% of the field failures of High Speed CMOS devices such as those used in the USB are destroyed by ESD Most of these devices (almost 90%) are destroyed at ESD levels of less than 2KV 3KV can easily pass through your finger without notice Universal Serial Bus

21 Battery Chargers Forward AC/DC Converter-charger (Sample Circuit) –Cellular Phones –Laptops/Notebooks

22 IC Protection ESD is the threat Our solutions: –SMA/SMB/SMC/SML –Powermite TVS –Powermite Zeners –SOIC Arrays –Flip Chips –Cells –MELF TVS –Standard Zener Diodes We offer selective versions of: –SOT23 –SOD123

23 Lightning Protection Conducted Threats Radiated Threats Solutions: –TSPD “Crowbar” Diodes –Modules –Clamping Diodes

24 Mil/Aero Solutions JANTX/TXV 1500 Watt Metal Axial Modules –JANTX/TXV Subassemblies –JANTX/TXV Equivalent Screening on Module –Both Chips and cells for hybrid applications Complete line of military and space level products available from both Santa Ana and Scottsdale.

25 Application Summary Any place a design needs to protect from a Transient Voltage or Current Spike…we have the products. Any place where space/size is critical. Any place where “the big guys” have left them hanging…Microsemi has the infrastructure to respond quickly. Diversity, diversity, diversity…we have products for all applications - from heart pacers to laptops.

26 Zener Diodes New Products for FY98 Powermite Zeners BZY93 –DO4 –10 Watt Stud BZY91 –DO5 –100 Watt stud New Products SMAJ A2 Watt, SMAJ SMAJ B3 Watt, SMAJ SMBJ B5 Watt, SMBJ 10EZ 3,9-100B10 Watt, TO-220 MMBZ BSOT23 BZX84C3V3-C47SOT23

27 New Brochure A new brochure outlining or TVS capabilities is now available. A complimentary website to the new brochure exists at:

28 TVS FAQs Are there application notes for TVS?