8th Grade Grammar Vocabulary and Notes

Instructions for Grammar Lessons Every time we have a grammar lesson you are expected to take notes. Since you will not be able to take the textbook home, your notes will help you with completing your homework and with studying for tests. You need to write down the vocabulary and any notes on the powerpoint. I may also write notes on the board which you will need to write down too.

Grammar Lesson 1 Vocab: Direct democracy: the people govern themselves Indirect democracy: the citizens do not directly handle the affairs of the government

Four Types of Sentences/Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates A sentence: a group of words that expresses a complete thought Four types: Declarative: makes a statement and ends with a period Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question mark Imperative: expresses a command or a request and ends with a period, or an ! Exclamatory: shows excitement or strong feeling and ends with a !

Simple subject/simple predicate A sentence has two main parts, the subject and the predicate The subject: the part that tells who or what the sentence is about The predicate: the part that tells something about the subject The complete subject or predicate may consist of a single word or of many words. A subject or predicate consisting of many words always has an essential part that we call the simple subject or simple predicate

Simple Subject The main word or words in a sentence that tell who or what is doing or being something, or who or what the sentence is about In an imperative sentence, the subject “you” is understood

Simple Predicate The verb A verb expresses action or being Sometimes the simple predicate contains more than one word, this is called the verb phrase Sometimes the order of the subject and predicate is reversed In interrogative sentences, we usually find parts of the predicate split by the subject

Grammar Lesson 2 Vocab: Advert: means to call attention to something Avert: means to turn away

Complete Sentences, Sentence Fragments, and Run-on Sentences Complete sentence: expresses a complete thought, has both a subject and predicate Sentence fragments: a piece of a sentence that lacks a subject or a verb or both Run-on sentences: two complete thoughts, written or spoken as one sentence without proper punctuation or connecting words

Grammar Lesson 3 Vocab: The Latin word bell- means war Bellicose means warlike, aggressive, and quarrelsome Antebellum refers to times before a war, especially the American Civil War

Action Verbs/ Diagramming the Simple Subject and Simple Predicate Action verb: describes what the subject does, did, or will do A sentence can contain more than one action verb We can make our writing more vivid and accurate by using descriptive and precise action verbs Diagramming: see notes on board