Chapter 16 Tourism

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Explain tourism and its relationship to the economy. Describe the important documents needed for travel and tourism. Describe the technologies used in more secure travel. Relate important health and safety information to travel. continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Analyze categories of tourism destination areas. List several segments of tourism. Compare and contrast types of tours and cruises. Summarize tourism factors that influence communities and climate. Discuss careers associated with the tourism industry.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tourism: The World’s Largest Industry The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines a tourist as someone who “travels to and stays in places outside the usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” Domestic tourists travel within their own country International tourists travel to another country

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Place Places are the spatial context for tourism— the unique physical places people can visit Sense of place is a person’s subjective orientation toward a place

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tourism and the Economy A tourism destination area (TDA) is a location that intentionally attracts visitors and brings in revenue through tourism Tourism helps build infrastructure Tourists add money to a TDA by buying lodging, food, and other goods and services Tourists benefit their home economy by buying transportation and other goods and services

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. National Tourism Marketing National tourism offices work to attract international tourists to their country The amount of money spent in a destination is influenced by the location of the travelers’ country of origin The U.S. Travel Association (USTA) promotes travel to and within the United States with marketing campaigns such as Brand USA

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Documents for Travel and Tourism A passport is issued by a national government as proof of a person’s identity and citizenship A visa authorizes a noncitizen to enter, exit, or live in a country for a specified time –Travel agencies may obtain visas for their clients –Embassies and consulates can issue visas Instead of visas, some countries require a tourist card

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. A New World of Travel After 9/11 The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, resulted in –additional security and protection of travelers –the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. New Technologies, New Initiatives “Smart” IDs are more difficult to counterfeit, include more data, and reduce wait times May include biometric identifiers such as –DNA samples –blood samples –voice recognition –fingerprints –iris scans continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. New Technology, New Initiatives “Smart” IDs include –NEXUS –SENTRI –PASS –EDL (enhanced drivers license) or EI (enhanced identification) These IDs are not yet accepted everywhere or for all types of travel

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Travel Information Each country establishes the requirements needed to enter it The country of origin has requirements for reentry The U.S. Department of State provides information on travel requirements for citizens going abroad or foreign tourists coming to the United States

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tourism Destination Areas Tourism destination areas (TDAs) provide tourism infrastructure and market themselves to potential visitors Communities, regions, states, countries, or groups of countries can become TDAs A TDA is usually created around a central attraction, which may be natural or constructed

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Seasonality A tourist destination area may be classified by seasonality according to its climate: –All season—popular year-round –Winter warm—“sun destinations” –Winter cold—ski resorts –Summer resort—lake or coastal areas

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Destination Marketing Organizations A destination marketing organization (DMO) promotes the features of the destination to potential visitors in order to increase business DMOs may coordinate local festivals, events, and sports tournaments They may operate a convention and visitors’ bureau (CVB) to promote an area to convention groups and visitors

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Segments of Tourism Sustainable development—promoting environmental protection Ecotourism—observing and preserving the natural environment and culture Heritage tourism—traveling to places that authentically represent history and culture Local interest—sites, festivals, and events Voluntourism—tourism that includes volunteering

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tours May be taken independently or with a group Include at least two of the following: –Transportation –Lodging –Meals –Entertainment –Attractions –Sightseeing activities

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Tours In independent tours, the itinerary is set by the traveler Domestic independent tours (DIT) or foreign independent tours (FIT) are custom-designed by a wholesaler or travel agent Hosted tours include a local host or guide Escorted tours have a preset itinerary, and an escort accompanies the travelers continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Tours A city guide is an expert who “steps on” a coach to act as a guide A site guide provides interpretation at the attraction A docent is a site guide who volunteers at a museum An interpreter is a mixture of a teacher and an actor

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Cruises Cruise ships supply lodging, food, entertainment, recreation, and a high level of service Ships stop at various ports where passengers can disembark and visit local attractions Some ships are built to carry thousands of passengers; some carry only a few dozen

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tourism Impacts People and places are becoming more alike Negative news spreads quickly and affects travel and tourism Tourism creates economic development Exceeding a TDA’s carrying capacity can damage its environment Climate change can affect a TDA’s economy, marketing, recreation, and tourism

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Careers in Tourism Positions increasingly require a two- or four- year college degree Degree programs may be offered by family and consumer sciences or business departments in colleges, or by hotel or culinary schools Travel professionals can obtain Certified Tour Professional (CTP) certification

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tourism Professionals Promoting Peace The International Institute of Peace through Tourism (IIPT) –sponsors peace conferences for tourism professionals –promotes local benefits in developing countries’ tourist destinations The Peace Corps consists of American volunteers who provide development assistance in foreign countries and promote cultural understanding

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What is a TDA? –A tourism destination area (TDA) is a location that intentionally attracts visitors and brings in revenue through tourism. True or False? Smart IDs such as a NEXUS card eliminate the need for passports. –False; these IDs are not yet accepted everywhere or for all types of travel. Chapter 16 Review continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. A _____ promotes the features of a destination to potential visitors in order to increase business. –destination marketing organization (DMO) Which segment of tourism focuses on observing and preserving natural environment and culture? –ecotourism Chapter 16 Review continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exceeding the carrying capacity of a TDA can damage its _____. –environment True or False? Careers in tourism typically require only a high school diploma. –False; most require a two- or four-year college degree. Chapter 16 Review