Chung-Shiau Ho*,Wen-Yen Huang, Wen-Ling Hong, Chitsan Lin, Po-Han Chen 2012 International Conference on Environmental Quality Concern, Control and Conservation (EQC 2012) The Treatment of Diesel Contaminated Soil By Food Waste Composting, and the Feasibility of Continued Re-Farming on Its Treated Soil Chung-Shiau Ho*,Wen-Yen Huang, Wen-Ling Hong, Chitsan Lin, Po-Han Chen Graduate Student of the Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan. May 25-26, 2012

Outline Introduction Conclusions Experimental Design Experimental Method Results and Discussion Conclusions

Introduction (1/2) Petroleum Fuel as the key support of modern industry plays a core role in the development of global economy. But the complex of the petroleum refine processes, and it’s huge demand often result in oil spills. According to the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Web Pages of Taiwan EPA, there are 51 documented oil-related remediation sites in Taiwan.

Introduction (2/2) Therefore, there is a strong need to develop an environmental sound technology to treat mineral oil contaminations. In this study, we were exploring to apply the food waste composting technology on the remediation of diesel contaminated soil, hoping to develop a cost effective and feasible green technology. Finally, the feasibility of continued re-farming on the treated soil was evaluated.

About Food Waste Composting Processes to Treat Diesel Contaminated Soil

(50 tons diesel contaminated soil : 50 tons food waste) 100 Tons Field Scale Test (50 tons diesel contaminated soil : 50 tons food waste) 6

Turnover of the compost pile, indicating thermophilic fermentation 7

Results of TPH Degradation It took only 7 days to meet the treatment target , and indicated a very effective treatment method National Control Limit 1,000 mg/kg Days 8

Treated Soils Fertility Study -- Corn Planting Experiment

Treated soils Site preparation Corn planting Harvest Corn growth Corn germination

Two kind of treated soils were parallely compared H2O2 Treated Soil F W Composting Treated Soil Treated by adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Initial diesel concentration was 3,000 mg/kg. It took more than 30 days to complete the treatment. Treated food waste composting technology. Initial diesel concentration was 3,000 mg/kg. It took only 7 days to complete the treatment.

FW composting treated soil Here are the parallel comparison results H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil Corn planting on day 0

FW composting treated soil On the 9th days H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil Germination sparse Germination thriving

FW composting treated soil On the 15 days H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil Average height of 15 cm Average height of 20 cm

FW composting treated soil On the 32 days H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil Average height of 53 cm Average height of 110 cm

FW composting treated soil On the 63 Days H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil

FW Compost treated soil grows much better than H2O2 treated soil Time Series Growth Data FW Compost treated soil grows much better than H2O2 treated soil

FW composting treated soil Why FW composting treated soil grows better ? H2O2 treated soils FW composting treated soil Root system badly developed Root system well developed

A better view for comparison

FW composting treated soil Soil Fertility Comparison Item H2O2 treated soil FW composting treated soil Ideal soil fertility References pH 8.7 7.4 5.5~7.5 Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station EC 0.2 0.8 0.5~1.2 mS/m Ash (%) 90 79 - C/N 19  17 20以下 Compost Standard Germination % 70 95 80%以上

Harvest per unit area

The following product inspections demonstrate the corns are safe to eat. Corn - Toxic heavy metal Corn - Pesticide residues Corn - Other semi-VOC Soil - TPH analysis Soil - PAH analysis All the analyses were performed by the SGS International Accreditation Laboratory

Heavy Metal Soil TPH analysis SVOCs analysis SVOCs analysis pesticide residues SVOCs analysis Soil TPH analysis Heavy Metal SVOCs analysis 五 SVOCs analysis Meet the  fruits and vegetables regulations, cadmium limits: 0.05 ppm; lead: 0.1 ppm

Conclusions

In this study, we were able to treat the 3,000 mg/kg diesel contaminated soil to 801 mg/kg that comply with the regulatory limit of 1,000 mg/kg in soil. And it took only 7 days. The treated soil was examined with TPH and PAHs. Results indicate the treated soil is safe to backfill and to reuse.

Owing to the better fertility of the treated soil, our parallel corn growing test had demonstrated that the FW composting treated soil had out-grow the traditional chemical oxidation treated soil. And the harvest corn products were safe to eat, as it meets the Safe Organic Fruits and Vegetables Standard. Therefore, we suggest that the Food Waste Composting process as a green remediation alternative to treat the diesel contaminated soil.

Thanks for your attention