Environmentally sound technologies in Poland – market overview and business opportunities for SMEs Prof. Krzysztof Klincewicz Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw Member of UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee

Panel topic and participants „Clean technologies and green patents as an opportunity for small and medium-size enterprises” Mr. Makoto Akiyama - Japan Patent Office Dr. Łukasz Drewniak - CEO of RDLS Sp. z o.o., University of Warsaw Dr. Yorimasa Suwa - Japan Intellectual Property Association, Teijin Ltd. Prof. Krzysztof Klincewicz - Member of UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee, University of Warsaw

Environmentally sound technologies „Environmentally sound technologies are techniques and technologies capable of reducing environmental damage through processes and materials that generate fewer potentially damaging substances, recover such substances from emissions prior to discharge, or utilize and recycle production residues.” Source: United Nations, Glossary of Environment Statistics, 1997

Environmentally sound technologies – similar terms: ambiguous name not only technological technologies for mitigation and adaptation, environmental aspects linked to climate change only

Environmentally sound technologies renewables energy efficiency energy conservation transportation waste management water management biodiversity protection agriculture and forestry air protection

Poland investing in environment Environmental investment (2012, as % of GDP) EU: 0.22% public: 0.12% private: 0.1% Poland: 0.60% public: 0.28% private: 0.32% Environmental investment: All outlays in a given year for machinery, equipment and land used for environmental protection purposes. Source: Eurostat

Greenhouse gas emissions Australia -2.3% Austria+16.3% Denmark -27.1% Finland -23.2% France -16.7% Germany -23.8% Ireland +2.3% Italy -9.6% Japan +2.3% Netherlands -8.0% Poland -32.2% Russia -50.8% Spain +21.9% Sweden -26.3% United Kingdom -28.6% Ukraine -52.2% United States +7.6% Australia mt France mt Germany mt Italy mt Japan 1,343.1 mt Poland mt Russia 2,295.0 mt Spain mt Ukraine mt United Kingdom mt Greenhouse gas emissions in t CO 2 equivalent, 2012 Source: UNFCCC Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,

Importance of renewable energy Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, Source: Eurostat very high: Sweden 51% Finland 34.3% Austria 32.1% Denmark 26% high: Spain 14.3% Italy 13.5% France 13.4% Germany 12.4% Czech Republic 11.2% Poland 11.0% medium: Slovakia 10.4% Hungary 9.6% Ireland 7.2% low: Belgium 6.8% Netherlands 4.5% United Kingdom 4.2%

Market for environmental technologies in Poland Suppliers of environmental technologies, 2009: 510 companies 24-27,000 employees 194 local producers with 42.5% market share Renewable sector, 2012: 34,600 employees annual sales of 13,493m PLN (3,055m EUR) Renewable energy generation, 2012: 1,715 installation new licences 4,384,306 MW installed capacity + 5,033,367 MW covered by new licences 56.9% of the power generated from wind, followed by hydropower and biomass Climate-related investments in the Poland-EU Partnership Agreement, : 22.7b EUR (20% of all EU funds allocated for Poland) Source: Klincewicz, K. (ed.) Polski rynek technologii środowiskowych. Ministry of Environment,

Success story: solar thermal collectors 2011: Poland had the 6th largest cumulated surface of solar thermal collectors in Europe starting from 21,000 m2 in 2000 growing to 903,659 m2 in 2011 ( %, % per year) : 43% average annual sales growth in Poland 2009: annual sales of over 450m PLN about 50% of solar collectors exported

Polish suppliers of environmental technologies (GreenEvo) GreenEvo: annual country-wide competition, organized by the Ministry of Environment, verifying the competitiveness and environmental features of technologies companies conduct R&D projects companies apply for Polish patents companies apply for patents abroad companies witnessed competitors trying to copy their solutions Source: Klincewicz, K. (ed.) Polski rynek technologii środowiskowych. Ministry of Environment,

Porter’s hypothesis Source: Michael E. Porter, M.E., van der Linde, C., Towards a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9, 4 The more stringent the local environmental regulations, the more innovative and competitive becomes the local industry