Chapter 8: Conic Sections Algebra II Chapter 8: Conic Sections

Cheat Sheet In chapter 8 you are allowed a “cheat sheet” You are to bring in a tissue box, that has not been opened, and cover it with paper. You are allowed to write anything on this box that you so choose. You may use it on your quiz and chapter test. When we are done with Chapter 8, you must give the tissue box to me. It is your decision to do this, you may not have any other form a “cheat sheet”

8.1: Midpoint and Distance Formulas Find the midpoint of a segment on the coordinate plane Find the distance between two points on the coordinate plane

The Midpoint Formula The midpoint is the point in the middle of a segment Definition: M is the midpoint of PQ if M is between P and Q and PM = MQ. Formula:

Example 1: Find the midpoint of each line segment with endpoints at the given coordinates: (12, 7) and (-2, 11) (-8, -3) and (10, 9) (4, 15) and (10, 1) (-3, -3) and (3, 3)

“Curveball Problem” Example 2: Segment MN has a midpoint P. If M has coordinates (14, -3) and P has coordinates (-8, 6), what are the coordinates of N? Circle R has a diameter ST. If R has coordinates (-4, -8) and S has coordinates (1, 4), what are the coordinates of T?

“Curveball Problem” Example 2: Circle Q has a diameter AB. If A is at (-3,-5) and the center is at (2, 3), find the coordinates of the B.

The Distance Formula Distance is always a positive number You can find distance using the Pythagorean Theorem or using a formula derived from it Formula:

Example 3: Find the distance between each pair of points with the given coordinates (3, 7) and (-1, 4) (-2, -10) and (10, -5) (6, -6) and (-2, 0)

Example 4: Rectangle ABCD has vertices A(1, 4), B(3, 1), C(-3, -2), and D(-5, 1). Find the perimeter and area of ABCD Circle R has diameter ST with endpoints S(4, 5) and T(-2, -3). What are the circumference and are of the circle? (Round to two decimal places)

Summary: Learn the midpoint and distance formulas Be able to answer any question that may involve them. Questions?

8.2: Parabolas Write equations of parabola in standard form and vertex form Graph parabolas

Equations of Parabolas Standard Form y = ax2 + bx + c Vertex Form y = a(x – h)2 + k

Example 1: Write y = 3x2 + 24x + 50 in vertex form. Identify the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening of the parabola.

Example 1: Write y = -x2 – 2x + 3 in vertex form. Identify the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening of the parabola.

Graph Parabola You must always graph: Vertex Axis of Symmetry Five points on the graph (this is to get the shape) Focus: point in which all points in a parabola are equidistant Directrix: line that the parabola will never cross

Concept Summary (pg 422) Form of Equation y = a(x – h)2 + k x = a(y – k)2 + h Vertex (h, k) Axis of Symmetry x = h y = k Focus Directrix Direction of Opening upward if a > 0 downward if a < 0 right if a > 0 left if a < 0 Example

Example 2: Identify the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equations of the axis of symmetry and directrix, and the direction of opening of the parabola y = x2 + 6x – 4 x = y2 – 8y + 6

Example 2: Identify the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equations of the axis of symmetry and directrix, and the direction of opening of the parabola y = 8x – 2x2 + 10 x = -y2 – 4y – 1

Example 3: Graph: y = ½(x – 1)2 + 2 Graph: x = -2(y + 1)2 - 3

Classwork/Homework Workbook Section 8.1 Section 8.2 1, 3, 5, 11, 17, 19, 21, 31, 32 Section 8.2 1 – 6 (all)

8.3: Circles Write equations of circles Graph circles

Circle A circle is the set of all point in a plane that are equidistant from a given point in the plane, called the center. Equation of a circle: (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

Example One: Write an equation for the circle that satisfies each set of conditions: Center (8, -3), Radius 6 Center (5, -6), Radius 4

Example One: Write an equation for the circle that satisfies each set of conditions: Center (-5, 2) passes through (-9, 6) Center (7, 7) passes through (12, 9)

Example One: Write an equation for the circle that satisfies each set of conditions: Endpoints of a diameter are (-4, -2) and (8, 4) Endpoints of a diameter are (-4, 3) and (6, -8)

Graph circles Make sure the equation is in standard form Graph the center Use the length of the radius to graph four points on the circle (up, down, left, right) Connect the dots to create the circle

Example Two: Find the center and radius of the circle given the equation. Then graph the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 9

Example Two: Find the center and radius of the circle given the equation. Then graph the circle (x – 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25

Example Two: Find the center and radius of the circle given the equation. Then graph the circle x2 + y2 – 10x + 8y + 16 = 0

Example Two: Find the center and radius of the circle given the equation. Then graph the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y = 12

Classwork/Homework Workbook Lesson 8.3 1 – 13 (all)

Homework Answers: Workbook 8.3 (x + 4)2 + (y – 2)2 = 64 x2 + y2 = 16 (x + ¼)2 + (y + )2 = 50 (x – 2.5)2 + (y – 4.2)2 = 0.81 (x + 1)2 + (y + 7)2 = 5 (x + 9)2 + (y + 12)2 = 74 (x + 6)2 + (y – 5)2 = 25 (-3, 0); r = 4 (0, 0); r = 2 (-1, -3); r = 6 (1, -2); r = 4 (3, 0); r = 3 (-1, -3); r = 3

Homework Review

8.4: Ellipses Write equations of ellipses Graph ellipses

Ellipse An ellipse is like an oval. Every ellipse has two axes of symmetry Called the major axis and the minor axis The axes intersect at the center of the ellipse The major axis is bigger than the minor axis We use c2 = a2 – b2 to find c a is always greater b The equation is always equal to 1

Ellipses Chart (pg 434) Standard Form of Equation Center (h,k) Direction of Major Axis Horizontal Vertical Foci (h + c, k), (h – c, k) (h, k + c), (h, k – c) Length of Major Axis 2a units Length of Minor Axis 2b units

Example One: Graph the ellipse

Your Turn: Graph the ellipse

Example Two: Graph the ellipse

Your Turn: Graph the ellipse

Example Three: Write the equation of the ellipse in the graph:

Your Turn: Write the equation of the ellipse in the graph:

Example Four: Write the equation of the ellipse in the graph:

Your Turn: Write the equation of the ellipse in the graph:

Standard Form Find the coordinates of the center and foci and the lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse with equation: x2 + 4y2 + 24y = -32

Standard Form Find the coordinates of the center and foci and the lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse with equation: 9x2 + 6y2 – 36x + 12y = 12

Classwork

Hyperbolas Chart Standard Form of Equation Direction of Transverse Axis Horizontal Vertical Foci (h + c, 0), (h - c, 0) (0, h + c), (0, h - c) Vertices (h + a, 0), (h - a, 0) (0, h + a), (0, h - a) Length of Transverse Axis 2a units Length of Conjugate Axis 2b units Equations of Asymptotes

Example One: Graph the hyperbola

Your Turn: Graph the hyperbola

Example Two: Graph the hyperbola

Your Turn: Graph the hyperbola

Example Three: Write the equation of the hyperbola in the graph:

Your Turn: Write the equation of the hyperbola in the graph:

Standard Form: Find the coordinates of the vertices and foci and the equations of the asymptotes for the hyperbola with equation 4x2 – 9y2 – 32x – 18y + 19 = 0

Standard Form: Find the coordinates of the vertices and foci and the equations of the asymptotes for the hyperbola with equation x2 – y2 + 6x + 10y – 17 = 0

8.6 Conic Sections The equation of any conic section can be written in the general quadratic equation: Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 where A, B, and C ≠ 0 If you are given an equation in this general form, you can complete the square to write the equation in one of the standard forms you have already learned.

Standard Forms (you already know ) Conic Section Standard Form of Equation Parabola y = a(x – h)2 + k x = a(y – k)2 + h Circle (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 Ellipse Hyperbola

Identifying Conic Sections Relationship of A and C Type of Conic Section Only x2 or y2 Parabola Same number in front of x2 and y2 Circle Different number in front of x2 and y2 with plus sign Ellipse Different number in front of x2 and y2 with plus sign or minus sign Hyperbola

Example One: Write each equation in standard form. Then state whether the graph of the equation is a parabola, circle, ellipse, and hyperbola. y = x2 + 4x + 1 x2 + y2 = 4x + 2 y2 – 2x2 – 16 = 0 x2 + 4y2 + 2x – 24y + 33 = 0

Example Two: Without writing the equation in standard form, state whether the graph of each equation is a parabola, circle, ellipse, and hyperbola. x2 + 2y2 + 6x – 20y + 53 = 0 x2 + y2 – 4x – 14y + 29 = 0 3y2 + x – 24y + 46 = 0 6x2 – 5y2 + 24x + 20y – 56 = 0

Your Turn: Without writing the equation in standard form, state whether the graph of each equation is a parabola, circle, ellipse, and hyperbola. x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y + 3 = 0 6x2 – 60x – y + 161 = 0 x2 – 4y2 – 16x + 24y – 36 = 0 x2 + 2y2 + 8x + 4y + 2 = 0

Classwork/Homework Workbook Page 56 1 – 3, 8 – 10 Page 57 1 – 12