Legal issues addressed in the EU funded AdaptIVe project Andreas Knapp Daimler AG, Germany AVS 2015 Ann Arbor, USA 21 July 2015

Agenda Project facts Motivation Challenges, objectives, and concept // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Facts Duration: 42 months (January 2014 – June 2017) Budget: EUR 25 Million European Commission: EUR 14,3 Million Coordinator: Aria Etemad, Volkswagen Group Research 8 Countries: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, United Kingdom // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

29 partners Almost all major OEMs Also OEMs from the US // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

The integrated project AdaptIVe Integrated project: Provides framework for research on automated driving. Work is done in what we call “subprojects”. 6 of them 3 working on functions 3 working on general topics // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Agenda Project facts Motivation Challenges, objectives, and concept Lets talk about the motivation and the benefits // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Potentials for automated driving Drivers are supported in demanding or repetitive tasks. Travel comfort increases. Vehicles dynamically adapt the level of automation according to the current situation. www.carsp.ca Vehicles react more effectively to external threats. Vehicles are resilient to different types of system and human failure. Don’t go into details, We like to talk about potentials About a better world and the benefits of automated driving // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Motivation for automated driving functions Reduction of fuel consumption & CO2 emission Optimization of traffic flow Zero emission Support unconfident drivers Enhance mobility for elderly people Demographic change Potential for more driver support by avoiding human driving errors Vision zero And on a larger scale on the benefits for environment and the society // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Demonstrators Of course AdaptIVe will provide several demonstrators to showcase possibilities of automated driving: There are 3 projects that showcase functionality. Focus is on close distance at low speeds, city driving and highway. All of these projects have research questions and challenges of their own. Actuators, key fob, ultrasonic and radar sensors,  cameras, on-spot mapping Actuators for vehicle control, laser scanner and radar sensors, cameras Actuators, ECUs, on-board sensors, radar, map-based electronic horizon, V2X // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Challenges and project objectives Widespread application of automated driving to improve traffic safety, efficiency and comfort Strategies for human-vehicle integration New evaluation methods, impact assessment Legal issues, terminology And then there are other more general topics that will also be addressed Legal issues Human vehicle interaction Evaluation of the demonstrator functions (talk given in the afternoon) So lets talk about legal issues today // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Legal issues - Response 4 Called Response – series of European projects At that time focused on ADAS, now higher automation So I said that we like to talk about potentials and benefits, but what about difficulties currently opposing the market introduction / research questions Current legislation does not allow automated driving. But what are the hurdles? And the risks? And with risks I do not mean technically now, but for the OEMs? Legal issues - Response 4 // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Levels of driving automation LKA ACC Parking Assistance Traffic Jam Chauffeur Garage Pilot Assisted High auto-mation Partial auto- mation Condi- tional auto-mation level 1 level 4 level 2 level 3 No auto- level 0 Full level 5 Driver in the loop No significant change with respect to existing driver assistance systems Driver out of the loop Not in accordance with regulatory law (Vienna Convention of 1968, national road law) Shared responsibility for control between driver and system  need for action You all know the SAE J3016 automation levels. And we have adopted them for the project. One of the obvious differences from ADAS to higher levels of automation is that the driver is giving up control or is sharing control with the vehicle. Focus for work is on level 3 and 4 Source: SAE document J3016, “Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Automated Motor Vehicles”, issued 2014-01-16, see also http://standards.sae.org/j3016_201401/ // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Challenges Discuss need for action from an industry perspective Pave road to market introduction of automated vehicles Current legal situation does not allow automated vehicles on public roads. Assess law and identify needed adaption National laws can be different with respect to automated driving Analyze main markets - project partners will contribute for their countries When can a vehicle be considered safe? Interpretation of existing law. Liability risks? Some of the key challenges to be discussed in the project Note: For series introduction, not developing and testing 2 Restrictions: Cannot do all, cannot propose precise changes Contribute the needs for action // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

System classification: Group categories of automated driving functions Research tasks System classification: Group categories of automated driving functions Legal difficulties for market introduction of automated driving functions: What are the new risks for the manufacturer from product liability Usage and protection of data collected by automated driving functions Protection against corruption and fraud of vehicle data and V2X data Problem is to big to be solved in general Group into bins (or equivalence classes): 2 benefits Can have a more abstract look Can be extended to future functionnality Liability Data privacy and data security issues EU project is ideal // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

System classification Systematic derivation of relevant system parameters for: Vehicle Driver Environment Available to public as Deliverable 2.1 on the AdaptIVe website. Classification tree Condensed into 10 determining parameters Can be used Legal Functional safety // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Scenarios Representative scenarios for assessment on a case by case basis, needed e.g. for product liability. Based on system classification. Examples showing: Different levels of automation Situations that can be handled by the system. And others not Use of information (on / off board) and allow me just some statements for this situation to show the complexity: There are at least 4 stakeholders in that situation: The driver/owner The content provider (data). The infrastructure operator (link) And the manufacturer Can you imagine what that means in terms of data privacy, security and liability? // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

AdaptIVe Workshop on Legal Aspects September 17th, 2015 Paris, France Hosted at the French Car Manufacturers Assocciation (Comité des Constructeurs Français d’Automobile) Discuss legal topics with external stakeholders and expert public Promote activities of AdaptIVe Get insight in current activities, approaches and status of other projects and working groups Registration is open and agenda online at www.adaptive-ip.eu For me it is difficult to present legal work, as it is almost exclusively paperwork. Those further interested in the topic: Invite to workshop // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor

Andreas Knapp Daimler AG +49 7031 4389 862 andreas.knapp@daimler.com Thanks

Response 4 partners // July 21, 2015 AVS 2015, Ann Arbor