How is HIV contracted? High risk activities: –1) Sex (oral, vaginal, anal) –2) Sharing needles (tattoos, piercings, drugs) Low risk activities: –3) Mother to child in womb –4) Breast milk –5) Blood transfusions High Risk Activities Low Risk Activities

What is HIV/AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? Gender of those living with HIV (2003) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? Gender of those living with HIV (2003) New Exposures to HIV (2006) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? 2009: New Infections MSM: Men having sex with men IDU: Intravenous drug users (share needles) MSM/IDU: Men who share needles and have sex with men Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

What is AIDS? Gender of those living with HIV (2003) Female Transmission of HIV (2006) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

1.How did the first person to get HIV? 2.Would the cure to HIV be a vaccine or a medicine? 3.Does everyone with HIV get aids? 4.How do you find out if you have HIV? 5.How long can you live with AIDS? 6.Why cant transfusions get rid of it? 7.What is life like if you have AIDS? Student asked HIV/AIDS questions…

1 st step: Attachment = Same as lytic cycle 2 nd Step: Entry = Same as lytic cycle

cell DNA Pro- virus 3 rd step: Replication –Provirus Created Virus DNA combines with cell DNA –Infected cell divides by mitosis and copies the provirus –Each new cell will contain the provirus Virus DNA Pro- virus

4 th Step: Assembly: new viruses are assembled in many cells 5 th Step: Release many cells burst releasing many more viruses

The viral DNA become active and starts making new viral proteins The infected cells burst…releasing the new viruses

Retroviruses Type of RNA virus Contain enzyme called “reverse transcriptase” Steps –1) Virus RNA enters host cell –2) Reverse transcription changes the virus RNA into DNA –3) Virus DNA fuses with cell DNA (provirus created) Viral DNA lays dormant –4) Infected cell divides and spreads the virus –5) Eventually, the viral DNA becomes active in many cells Viral DNA  Viral RNA  Viral proteins Normal Transcription DNA  RNA Reverse Transcription RNA  DNA

1.In order list the stages of the lytic/lysogenic cycles. 2.In which stage… does the host cell explode? are virus proteins built to make new viruses? is a provirus created? does a virus connect with the host cell’s receptors? 3.Which two objects make up a provirus? 4.Name the enzyme found within retroviruses. 5.The picture shows the normal steps of protein synthesis. Fill in the question marks with the words: Translation, Protein, Transcription, DNA 6.The picture below shows the steps of a retrovirus. Fill in the question marks with the words: viral RNA, transcription, translation, reverse transcription, viral DNA