ENERGY.

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Energy The ability to cause a change.

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Presentation transcript:

ENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGY S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics.

What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Work is done when you transfer energy to an object and the object moves.

What are the different forms of energy?

Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Electromagnetic Energy Sound Energy Nuclear Energy

What is thermal energy?

Thermal energy – total amount of energy in the motion of the particles contained in matter.

Which picture has greater thermal energy? BOX 2 – Same size boxes & particles are moving with greater speed in box 2

Which has more thermal energy?

Swan sculpture – has more mass - - particles are moving slower, but there are a lot more of them.

How is heat related to thermal energy?

Heat is thermal energy that is transferred between two objects of different temperatures.

What is chemical energy?

Chemical energy is the energy that is stored in chemical bonds. (Atoms of elements that make up compounds are held together by chemical bonds.)

What is electrical energy?

Electrical energy – results from moving charges. Ex. Computers, radios, televisions, and lamps (and other electrical devices).

What is electromagnetic energy?

Electromagnetic energy – energy that results from the motion of particles within atoms. Ex. X-rays, microwaves, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation

What is sound energy?

Sound energy is given off by vibrating objects. Travels in the form of waves.

What is nuclear energy?

Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result from nuclear forces. Ex: Fission and Fusion

What is nuclear fission?

Process in which a large nucleus of an atom is split apart to form two smaller nuclei.

What is nuclear fusion?

The process in which two small nuclei are joined together to form a larger nucleus.

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.

What are 2 broad classifications for energy? Kinetic Potential

What is kinetic energy?

Energy that results from the motion of an object.

What does kinetic energy depend on? MASS and VELOCITY

What is the formula for kinetic energy? KE = mv² 2

What is potential energy?

Stored Energy Related to an object’s position or composition Rock on a cliff has PE due to its position

What does potential energy depend on? Mass & Height

What is the formula for potential energy? PE = m x h

Potential or Kinetic?

What is the law of conservation of energy?

While energy may change from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed.

What is mechanical energy? The sum of kinetic and potential energy. Stays constant within a situation.

How is energy conserved?

Cart has potential energy at the top of the hill. Once cart begins to move potential energy decreases and transforms into kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the greatest at the bottom of the hill.

Where are KE and PE the greatest in this diagram?

How can energy be transferred? Energy can be transferred from one form to another. Turn on a lamp - - electrical energy transferred to light and thermal energy

Plants convert electromagnetic (light) energy from sunlight to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Your body converts stored chemical energy from food into thermal energy and kinetic energy to make your body maintain body temperature and to move.

HEAT TRANSFER S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

What is does temperature measure? The average kinetic energy of the particles in motion.

Same temperature – different thermal energy b/c more mass in big pot.

How is thermal energy transferred from one object to another? Heat

What is heat? Transfer of thermal energy from higher temperatures to lower. Can be transferred through matter in all three phases.

How can heat be transferred? Conduction Convection Radiation

What is conduction?

Heat transferred by direct contact. Transferred through solids or liquids.

What is convection?

Heat is transferred in fluids (liquids or gases). Transferred in fluids by the movement of currents that form in fluids (convection currents).

What is radiation?

Unlike conduction and convection, radiation doesn’t require matter. Heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves. We receive heat from the sun through radiation.

Electromagnetic Waves

Heat Transfer

Illustrate where the transfer of heat is taking place.