EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentence Structure How to set up a sentence structure that guarantees an English sentence.

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EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentence Structure How to set up a sentence structure that guarantees an English sentence.

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Kinds of Adverbs MannerHow?well, happily PlaceWhere?here, there TimeWhen?now, today FrequencyHow often?always, never DegreeHow [adverb]?extremely SentenceHow [sentence]?hopefully

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Adverbs and More… Adverbsingle word, often ending in -ly Adverbialgroup of words without a preposition, e.g. last night Adverbial Phraseincludes a preposition, e.g. in the morning

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Positions of Adverbs a)Tom has finished his work. b)extremely well PRECEDING the modified word FRONTMIDDLEEND

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Adverbs of Degree, Sentence Adverbs Adverbs of degree are usually found preceding (in front of) the adverb or adjective they modify: He played extremely well. The car is bright red. N: Practically limited to two or three adverbs. Sentence adverbs are usually found in the FRONT position: Fortunately, Dennis Ace played well. Luckily, the storm did not do much damage. N : 1

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Frequency Adverbs, Middle Position Frequency adverbs are usually found in the MIDDLE position: I have never eaten caviar. He always goes cycling at the weekend. N: 1 MIDDLE position: a) preceding simple verbs; b) following the verb to be; c) following the first verb in compounds.

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Manner, Place and Time Adverbs of manner, place and time are found in the END position in that order, i.e. M – P – T: They played cheerfully in the garden all afternoon. M: cheerfully P: in the garden T: all afternoon N: ∞

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Summary AdverbPositionNumber Manner PlaceEND∞ Time FrequencyMIDDLE1 Degreeadv./adj.2-3 SentenceFRONT1

WiSe 2007/08© 2007, Lee Traynor, MA (Oxon) EfS Grammar X: Adverbs and Sentences Comparison Ich habe gestern T. flüchtig in der Stadt gesehen. S V aux T O M P V main I saw T. fleetingly in town yesterday. S V O M P T Note: 1) V aux, V main and O are never separated, except by a frequency adverb between V aux and V main ; 2) Middle position is novel; 3) Save the time until last.