Human Behavior and the Social Environment Integrating Social Systems

Culture and Society Culture: Culture: Those qualities and attributes that seem to be characteristic of all humankind Those qualities and attributes that seem to be characteristic of all humankind Viewed as a macro system Viewed as a macro system A group phenomenon A group phenomenon Evolves from the interaction of person with others, and a person’s belief or behavior becomes part of the culture, when it is externalized and objectified. Evolves from the interaction of person with others, and a person’s belief or behavior becomes part of the culture, when it is externalized and objectified.

Culture and Society Society: Society: A group of people who have learned to live and work together. A group of people who have learned to live and work together. It is a social organization that becomes more complex because of an increased volume of relationships among the various elements of the culture It is a social organization that becomes more complex because of an increased volume of relationships among the various elements of the culture Role is the total of the cultural expectations associated with a particular status, including the attitudes, values, and behavior. Role is the total of the cultural expectations associated with a particular status, including the attitudes, values, and behavior. It incorporates tools, language, child rearing, humans urge to explain the world and social relationships. It incorporates tools, language, child rearing, humans urge to explain the world and social relationships.

Communities Held together by feeling and sentiment. Held together by feeling and sentiment. Is at the interface between society and microsystems. Is at the interface between society and microsystems. Community is a population whose members: Community is a population whose members: Consciously identify with each other Consciously identify with each other May occupy common territory May occupy common territory Engage in common activities Engage in common activities Have some form of organization. Have some form of organization.

Communities Communities are subordinate to larger, regional networks. Communities are subordinate to larger, regional networks. Consists of social networks. Consists of social networks. Behavioral aspects include social control, socialization and communication. Behavioral aspects include social control, socialization and communication. There are place and non-place communities. There are place and non-place communities.

Organizations They are social units. They are social units. Characterized by: Characterized by: Divisions of labor Divisions of labor Presence of one or more power centers Presence of one or more power centers Substitution of personnel. Substitution of personnel. Persons are to perform according to their assigned roles. Persons are to perform according to their assigned roles. Purpose is the achievement of specific, explicit goals. Purpose is the achievement of specific, explicit goals.

Organizations Members confine themselves to a relatively narrow range of behaviors. Members confine themselves to a relatively narrow range of behaviors. Power over each other is in the form of authority and hierarchal control. Power over each other is in the form of authority and hierarchal control. Assures compliance with the system’s goals and adherence to the member’s prescribed roles. Assures compliance with the system’s goals and adherence to the member’s prescribed roles.

Groups An arena of social interaction. An arena of social interaction. Has potential to provide for: Has potential to provide for: A need to belong and to be accepted by others A need to belong and to be accepted by others A need to be validated by others A need to be validated by others A need to share common experiences A need to share common experiences Opportunities to work with others on common tasks. Opportunities to work with others on common tasks.

Groups It has a unique wholeness of its own It has a unique wholeness of its own Comprises those associations and activity in which the person engage most of their “selves” from day to day. Comprises those associations and activity in which the person engage most of their “selves” from day to day. Characterized by energy/information exchange to promote synergy. Characterized by energy/information exchange to promote synergy. Stages: Stages: Forming, norming, and storming. Forming, norming, and storming.

Families Centrally important in defining social expectations and in providing resources for growth, in every phase of the person’s life. Centrally important in defining social expectations and in providing resources for growth, in every phase of the person’s life. The only system that is interwoven with all other systems. The only system that is interwoven with all other systems. Assumes or is delegated, primary responsibility for socialization into the culture and major responsibility to ensure the survival of society and of humanity. Assumes or is delegated, primary responsibility for socialization into the culture and major responsibility to ensure the survival of society and of humanity.

Families A system of roles that are the cultural expectations for behavior and where these roles are learned and carried out. A system of roles that are the cultural expectations for behavior and where these roles are learned and carried out. Two views of family roles: Two views of family roles: The family is responsive to the demands and dictates of larger social systems. The family is responsive to the demands and dictates of larger social systems. The family initiates change, and society accommodates. The family determines society. The family initiates change, and society accommodates. The family determines society.

The Person Without the individual, there would be no society and without society there would be no individual. Without the individual, there would be no society and without society there would be no individual. The human life cycle is viewed from a psychosocial approach. The human life cycle is viewed from a psychosocial approach. The interaction of the individual person with the social environment. The interaction of the individual person with the social environment. It is both cause and effect of social systems. It is both cause and effect of social systems.

The Person The Person A person’s growth and development is in a pattern of expansion, a movement outward. A person’s growth and development is in a pattern of expansion, a movement outward. As the cycle of life unfolds, persons expand their interaction into systems of ever-larger magnitude. As the cycle of life unfolds, persons expand their interaction into systems of ever-larger magnitude. Strong emphasis is placed on the life cycle theory of Erik Erikson. Strong emphasis is placed on the life cycle theory of Erik Erikson.

Interaction of Systems Humanity Humanity Society Society Community Community Organizations Organizations Groups Groups Family Family Person Person