CIS 2200 Kannan Mohan Department of CIS Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College

2 Identify and describe the different types of software Describe distributed computing Describe open source software Explain cloud computing, its different types, and its advantages and risks

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A computer program or a collection of programs Precise set of instructions that tells hardware what to do 4

(IDC, 2014)

Firmware Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips (as opposed to being stored on devices such as hard drives or removable discs) Embedded systems Special-purpose software designed and included inside physical products (often on firmware) Helping devices become “smarter” 7

Desktop Software - Applications installed on a personal computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user Enterprise software - Applications that address the needs of multiple users throughout an organization or work group Types of Enterprise Software 8

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Graphical user interface Mechanisms through which users interact with the system (menus, scroll bars) Databases – to manage data Database management system (DBMS) Software used for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data 10

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Web services Small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server which permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network Application programming interfaces (APIs) Programming hooks (or guidelines) published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task, such as send or receive data Service-oriented architecture (SOA) A robust set of Web services built around an organizations processes and procedures 13

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) A set of standards for exchanging information between computer applications A way to send the electronic equivalent of structured documents between different organizations Extensible markup language (XML) A tagging language that can be used to structure data 14

Programming Languages Provides the standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software IDE (Integrated Development Environment) C++, C#, Visual Basic, and Java Development entails more than writing programs/code 15

Different cost categories that comprise total cost of ownership: Maintenance Support Training Compliance auditing Security, backup Provisions for disaster recovery Software development and documentation Purchase price Ongoing license and support fees Configuration Testing Deployment 16

Low or zero marginal cost Open source software Software that is free and where anyone can look at and potentially modify the code Questions facing big software firms How can we compete with free? How can we make money and fuel innovation on free? Cloud computing 17

Openness in stark contrast to the practice of conventional software firms Intellectual property as closely guarded secrets Examples Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/Python/PHP (LAMP) Firefox OpenOffice 18

Moving software out of its own IS shop so that it is run on someone else’s hardware Replacing computing resources with services provided over the Internet Software as a service (SaaS) A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online Utility computing – platform as a service, infrastructure as a service Private and public clouds Virtualization

Build vs. buy vs. rent Advantages Lower costs associated with the software licenses, server hardware, system maintenance, and IT staff Faster deployment times Variable operating expense Scalable systems Higher quality and service levels Remote access and availability Usage-based pricing model 20

Dependence on a single vendor Concern about the long-term viability of partner firms Users may be forced to migrate to new versions Reliance on a network connection Data assets stored off-site - security and legal concerns Limited options Less rich user interface Pockets of unauthorized IT use throughout the organization 21

What is the difference between operating system and application software? Identify different types of application software What is distributed computing? What is cloud computing? Different types of cloud computing? What is open source software? 22