THE RISE OF THE RENAISSANCE

Essential Questions: What was the Renaissance? What factors led to the rise of the Renaissance?

The Renaissance Western Europe emerged from the Middle Ages during an era known as the Renaissance

From 1300 to 1600, Western Europe experienced a rebirth in trade, art, learning, and a return of Greco-Roman ideas; “Renaissance” means “rebirth”

During the Renaissance, Europeans developed new ideas in art, government, and human potential

The Renaissance marked the beginning of the “Modern Era”

What changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade and Cities Government Religion Human Potential

What was trade like during the Middle Ages?

What were things like in the Renaissance?

A side effect of the Crusades was the increase of European demand for luxury goods from Asia

Italian merchants began meeting the demand for trade in Europe As a result, Italian cities and a wealthy middle class began to form in Italy

The most important Italian city was Florence, where vast wealth from trade sparked the Renaissance

A new middle class of bankers, merchants, and skilled craftsmen gained lots of power The Medici family were wealthy bankers who used their wealth to turn Florence into Italy’s most artistic city

What changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade and Cities Government Religion Human Potential

What was government like in the Middle Ages?

What was government like in the Renaissance?

Kings were able to tax merchants and gain much wealth; kings used their wealth to build armies and strong nations This hurt the power of the feudal lords; power went back to being concentrated around kings, not shared with numerous lords; feudalism declined

From 1337 to 1453, England and France began a series of conflicts over territory that would be called the Hundred Years War ENGLAND FRANCE The 100 Years War led to: 1337 to 1453. During the war, nationalism (loyalty to one’s nation) increased as people became more loyal to their king and nation, rather than their local lords

France and England would fight for a number of years, stop fighting for a time, then break the uneasy peace treaties and fight again

This cycle of fighting, a brief time of peace, then fighting again would continue between England and France for over a hundred years (hence, the name)

At age 19, she was captured and executed, being burned at the stake The most legendary figure from the Hundred Years War was Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl Claiming that God told her to do so in a vision, Joan became a soldier and led the French to numerous victories over the English At age 19, she was captured and executed, being burned at the stake Joan of Arc not only became a legend but also a saint in the Roman Catholic Church

During the Hundred Years War, new military weapons decreased the power of feudal lords and knights

Europeans’ discovery of Chinese gunpowder led to the development of cannons, which helped armies penetrate the walls of castles The 100 Years War led to: 1337 to 1453.

Another new weapon was the longbow, which allowed soldiers to shoot accurately up to 300 yards The 100 Years War led to: 1337 to 1453.

These new weapons and new tactics (like using lightly-armored mounted troops) effectively ended the importance of knights as military force

What changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade and Cities Government Religion Human Potential

What was religion like in the Middle Ages?

What was religion like during the Renaissance?

In the late Middle Ages, the Pope and the Catholic Church instigated a series of “holy wars” (called the Crusades) to drive the Muslims out of the Holy Land

Ultimately, the Crusades were a failure and resulted in the decreasing of power and influence for the Catholic Church; these failed holy wars also helped end the feudal system

Despite having less influence, the Catholic Church still remained an important part of peoples’ lives and the popes remained important religious and political leaders

What changed during the Middle Ages that gave rise to the Renaissance? Trade and Cities Government Religion Human Potential

What was expected of people during the Middle Ages?

What was expected of people during the Renaissance?

During the Middle Ages, peasants did not own land and had no options for their lives other than remaining loyal to a feudal lord and working within the manorial system

During the Middle Ages, peasants did not own land and had no options for their lives other than remaining loyal to a feudal lord and working within the manorial system

The rise of trade during the Renaissance gave people options to make money and pursue different lives Peasants could now leave the manor and move to cities to work as merchants or skilled artisans

Another reason for the decline of the manorial system was the spread of the Plague, also known as the Black Death

In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy from Asia; in addition to Asian goods, the ship was carrying rats infested with Plague-infected fleas

The Plague swept quickly throughout Europe along trade routes

The Black Death

Attempted “cures” for the Plague Isolation Bathing in urine Leeches Prayer Pomanders (perfumes) Placing dead animals in the home

The Plague killed 25 million people in five years (one-third of Europe’s population) The Plague caused a labor shortage; those that survived could demand higher wages and more rights

During the Renaissance, people had more options than ever before which led to a belief that people can accomplish anything

Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance Social status was based on wealth and ability, not birthright A new way of thinking began during the Renaissance called Humanism Humanists studied the “classical” ideas of Greece and Rome and believed that education could make the world a better place

What was expected of men and women in the Renaissance? The “ideal man” was well-educated, cultured, could dance, write poetry, and play music; (called a “Renaissance Man”) The “ideal woman” should have the same qualities (cultured, intelligent) as men but should not seek fame or political power Renaissance women were better educated but had fewer rights than Medieval women

Closure Activity: Visual Metaphor On your notes, complete the visual metaphor Use the word bank to label each aspect of the image 6. 5. 7. 4. 1. 3. 2.

 Brooks Baggett Originally created by Revamped by Christopher Jaskowiak