Saga – a Viking story about exploration Knight – a mounted soldier Noble/Lord – a person who has inherited power and wealth Muslim – a follower of Islam Endured – put up with

What is the theory that Native Americans crossed a land bridge to North America called? What are the three sisters and why were they beneficial to Native Americans?

1.3 and 1.4

The Vikings were from Scandinavia Denmark, Norway, and Sweden They developed a new style of ship which they used to trade and raid Leif Eriksson

Described their adventures in sagas Long, heroic stories that mixed myth and fact Erik’s Saga tells about Leif Eriksson’s voyage to North America around 1000 A.D. The Vikings are the first Europeans in North America – they call it Vinland

The Roman Empire falls due to political and economic problems around 476 This is the beginning of The Middle Ages from 500 to 1500 A.D.

1.Limited trade and communication 2.People move into the country 3.Feudalism – A social, political, economic and military system based upon security and protection. The King gives land to trusted friends who become lords or nobles, lords then give some land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and protection, vassals then made peasants and serfs farm the land Many vassals were mounted knights who protected the manors of the nobles Peasants and serfs were the lowest class - farmers, poor 4.Birth determines your place in society

The King gives land to trusted friends who become lords or nobles, lords then give some land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and protection, vassals then made peasants and serfs farm the land Many vassals were mounted knights who protected the manors of the nobles Peasants and serfs were the lowest class - farmers, poor Lords ruled and lived in large houses or castles with moats and high walls for defense, noblewomen took care of the house and were usually religious Peasant and serf families lived in a single room, worked all day, and had little chance to move up in life

The Church was the center of religious and social life, all people attended church Priests were part of the nobility, churches owned large amounts of land Monks and nuns Some women get an education this way

Nations (Kings) gain more power, nobles rebel This leads to the Magna Carta in 1215 Trade increases, leads to the Renaissance A rebirth of the arts and learning of ancient Greece and Rome Increased technology and trade lead to higher populations and by 1500 the middle ages were over

In the early 1200s, nobles in England rebelled against King John In 1215 they forced John to agree to the Magna Carta, A document which limited King John’s rights and protected the rights of the nobles in 1215, it is one of the first documents protecting the rights of free people and it was an inspiration for the U.S. Constitution

Born in 570 in Mecca (Arabia) Orphaned at an early age Became a successful merchant (trader) Unhappy, he goes to a cave and has a vision From this vision he creates the Islamic religion He begins to spread his religion throughout the world He has 13 wives, one whom he married when she was 7 years old He died in 632 Muslims consider him the most important prophet of God (Jesus is another) He is one of the most influential people of all time

Founded by Muhammad, their book is the Qur’an Islam spreads quickly, and Muslims take over many areas Jerusalem, Syria, Persia, Egypt, North Africa, Sicily, Spain Muslims thought that education and knowledge was very important “He who has not endured the stress of study will not taste the joy of knowledge”

Muslims stop allowing Christians to visit their longtime holy land (Jerusalem) in 1077 In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to start a holy war The next 150 years of fighting between Muslims and Christians are called the Crusades

There are lots of different rulers and dynasties Fighting was taking place between China and the Mongols Chinese emperors built the Great Wall to keep the Mongolians out It doesn’t work Genghis Khan and the Mongolians take over part of China around 1200

Birth name is Temujin United nomadic tribes of Northern Asia He started the Mongol invasions, which included massacres of civilians Became the founder and ruler of the Mongolian Empire which included part of China Viewed highly today as the founding father of Mongolia

In 1368 the Ming dynasty overthrew the Mongol Empire in China The Chinese build a large fleet and establish new trade, bringing wealth and knowledge to the country By the mid 1400s China abandons its command of the seas

Africa began to participate in world trade Arabs begin to trade with African tribes Islam eventually spreads in Africa Because of this trade, several kingdoms become very wealthy and powerful Aksum Ghana Mali – Timbuktu Songhai