Africa During the Post classical Period

African Kingdom Similarities and Differences Common Elements in African Societies Bantu migration Animism lineage important in relation with god The Arrival of Islam in North Africa Arrival of Islam (Spain, by 711) Berber Almoravids Almohads succeed Berbers, 12th century The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Copts Egyptian Christians spread to Nubia (Kush) Ethiopia

Empires of the Western Sudan Empires of Africa Kingdoms of the Grasslands Caravans Sahel - transfer point Sudanic States Rulers sacred Islam The Empire of Mali Malinke peoples from Ghana Agriculture, gold trade Sundiata (d.1260) the “Lion Prince” mansa (ruler) expanded state Mansa Kankan Musa pilgrimage Ishal al-Sahili (Sp. Architect) beaten clay architecture Empires of the Western Sudan

African Kingdoms City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu The Songhay Kingdom (Capital: Gao) Middle Niger valley Independent by 700 Muslim by 1010 Sunni Ali (1464-1492) Hausa states, northern Nigeria Muslim center Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States Fusion of traditions City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu thrive with expansion Some merchants Religious diffusion? Majority farmers

Swahili Coast The Swahili Coast of East Africa Trading ports Muslim influence Cultural diffusion and synthesis The Coastal Trading Ports (*Mogadishu*, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar) Don’t need to know, just be familiar Madagascar SEA imports Blended culture The Swahili Coast

Swahili Coast (cont’d) The Mixture of Cultures on the Swahili Coast Islam unifies Other Characteristics Egalitarian/homogenous to cosmopolitan/diverse Key Exports & Imports Two distinct “trading seasons” Connection to China? When did this exchange with China end?

Africa During the Post classical Period

African Kingdom Similarities and Differences Common Elements in African Societies Bantu migration one language base Animism cosmology ethical code lineage important in relation with god The Arrival of Islam in North Africa Part of Mediterranean Arrival of Islam (Spain, by 711) Berber Almoravids western Sahara, assist conversion Almohads succeed Berbers, 12th century The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Copts Egyptian Christians welcome Muslims spread to Nubia (Kush) Ethiopia heirs to Axum King Lalibela

Empires of the Western Sudan Empires of Africa II. Kingdoms of the Grasslands Caravans across Sahara Sahel (grasslands) transfer point A. Sudanic States Rulers sacred Islam from 900s supports state B. The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the “Lion Prince” Malinke peoples from Ghana Agriculture, gold trade Sundiata (d.1260) mansa (ruler) expanded state Mansa Kankan Musa pilgrimage to Mecca Floods land with gold brings back Ishal al-Sahili architect from Muslim Spain beaten clay architecture Empires of the Western Sudan

African Kingdoms City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu The Songhay Kingdom (Capital: Gao) Middle Niger valley Independent by 700 Muslim by 1010 Sunni Ali (1464-1492) expanded territory successors: askia Defeated by Morocco, 1591 Hausa states, northern Nigeria Kano becomes Muslim center E. Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States Fusion of Muslim, indigenous traditions City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu thrive with expansion of Mali, Songhay Mandinka juula Some merchants Religious diffusion? Farmers the majority

Swahili Coast The Swahili Coast of East Africa Trading ports Muslim influence strong Rest of population remains traditional Significangt cultural diffusion and synthesis The Coastal Trading Ports (*Mogadishu*, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar) Don’t need to know, just be familiar Madagascar southeast Asian immigrants, bring bananas, coconuts Blended culture Bantu, Islamic Swahili spreads along coast trade with Asia The Swahili Coast

Swahili Coast (cont’d) The Mixture of Cultures on the Swahili Coast Islam unifies along with Swahili Other Characteristics Egalitarian and homogenous to cosmopolitan and diverse Key Exports Ivory, gold, iron, slaves, exotic animals Key Imports Textiles, Silks, porcelain (China and India) When during the year did this take place? Two distinct “trading seasons” What was the connection between the Swahili Coast and China? When did this exchange with China end?