Harper Yankey, Jessica Price, Joel Van Bree, Jack Brown, Ethan Miller Period 1

 Society was cultivated from groups that were led by a single, strong chief  The chief was given the responsibilities of maintaining law and order  Allegiance and loyalty to the chief were mandatory in every family, kingdom, etc.  The leader gave gifts to the people, which were representative of their success  The loyalty of the people came from their desire for protection, given by the leader

 Anglo-Saxons were polytheistic (many gods)  They were also superstitious, and believed in the power of lucky charms  Monasteries were places where men devoted their whole lives to religion  They faced harsh living conditions, along with tedious work  Most of their lives were spent in the monastery with little- to-no outside contact whatsoever  Larger monasteries were known as “abbeys”  Each abbey was run by a single monk, the “Abbot”, who was elected into the position by his brethren

 The majority of Anglo-Saxon people were farmers  Typical crops included einkorn, rye, barley, and more  They also raised animals on their farms for use of their strength, and also for food and other goods  Farming was very primitive, and was done with the use of simple machines and animal power  The Anglo-Saxons also maintained small, localized governments amongst themselves  An oath was taken at age twelve to ensure that citizens wouldn’t commit crimes

 King was the head of the government  Family and kin could be punished as a result of the actions of an individual  Even children could be executed for crimes  Also known for their metalwork  In the midst of the Iron Age  Knives, forks, pots, swords, etc.  Skilled in the arts of smelting and fire-welding  Brass and bronze were also used, but not as much

 Monks copied old manuscripts, which preserved their old religion  Before Christianity, they believed in many warrior-like gods  Close to Norse mythology  Christianity brought the people hope  Also connected England to Europe through Ireland’s own Christian reformation

 Monks preserved Old English works  Preservations allowed for respect towards English and the beginning of widespread use ▪ Written and spoken  Latin was the major focus in terms of language  More and more literature started to be written in English  English stemmed from Latin and Old English

1) What material were the Anglo-Saxons famous for using? 2) What was the title given to a monk in charge of an abbey, and how was he chosen? 3) What was determined in an individual based on the gifts they received from their leader? 4) What country “connected” England and the rest of Europe through Christianity? 5) What language was the main focus of England until English gained more respect?