Introduction to Cartography Nazrulo Toirbekov Assistant lecturer TSPU, Hungary, 2012

A ‘warming up’ exercise How do you tell people directions to somewhere?How do you tell people directions to somewhere? –-Have you ever used the terms ‘north’, ‘south’, ‘east’ or ‘west’ to describe directions? –-Do you use reference locations? For example, It is two blocks from the E-5? Or, It will be right in front of you when you get off the bus. It is right on the bank of Duna or.... –-Describe to someone how you would get to University of West Hungary from the Airport or from train station Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how to get somewhere?Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how to get somewhere? Everyone is an amateur cartographerEveryone is an amateur cartographer However, this class will help you to start learning in detailsHowever, this class will help you to start learning in details.

Objectives  Students will be able to express their knowledge about maps  Students will understand the importance of maps  Students will apply the use of new vocabulary in order to read a map  Students will analyze their own personal surroundings

Key words  Cartography  Map  Personal surroundings  Directions  Geographic information  Scale

Outlines Introduction History of cartography Maps & their classification Mapping tools (equipments) Cartography today and tomorrow Conclusion

Introduction Maps are important for daily lives. It is never too late to learn how to use a map so that you can always find your way.

Definitions Cartography (from Greek khartēs, "map"; and graphein, "write"), or mapmaking, has been an integral part of the human story for a long time, possibly up to 8,000 years. Cartography is the science and study of making maps Source -

Why cartography is important? To communicate geographic information in a graphic form as a digital image or a paper map (analog) To position the surroundings, location and ect. Graphics better than description —’A picture tells a thousand words’. «Map is the second language of geography»-N.Baranski

History of cartography  Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet  In your best words, describe what a map means to you.  Name different types of maps you may come across.  What is a key used for? A legend? A compass?  Why are maps important?  Who designs maps? How do you think this is done? 100 A.D. – geometry 1200 – Dark Ages 1300 – Renaissance 1680 – Enlightenment 1800s – Place => Space Systems Approach 1.Source: 2.History of cartography volume 1&2

Early maps

Modern maps

Types and classification of maps Classed by Scale Small scale Medium scale Large scale Classed by Function General reference maps Thematic/special purpose maps Charts Classed by Subject Matter Cadastral maps Plans Soil, vegetation, precipitation, etc

Map making process Mapping involves information transformations: Data collection Selection Classification Simplification (упрощение) Exaggeration (преувеличение) Symbolization Use of map The cartographer's task - explore the ramifications of each mapping possibility and choose the most appropriate for the intended task. Who is your audience?

Basic characteristics of all maps: Location Attribution (приписывание) Reduction of reality Scale Geometrical transformation/projection Abstractions of reality

Mapping tools Mapping in the western world has undergone six major technological revolution: Manual Magnetic (compass -12 th century) Mechanical ( Mechanical Printing Press-16 th century) Optical (telescope 17 th century) Photochemical ( Photography-19 th century) Electronics (computers, GPS, GIS, 1950-present)

Mapping tools (cont...)

Cartography now Digital databases are replacing the printed map as a means of storage of geographic information Intergrated with spatial technologies (i.e.,Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems) and intergral part of Geographic Information Science (the science of the definition, use,analysis/interpretation of geographic information)

Cartography tomorrow Maps will not dissapear but will be transformed Maps will still be present in the medium of communication Increasing intergration of spatial technologies Cartographic principles will aid as a guide for these developing spatial technologies

Summary Cartography is both an art and a science It is a very robust sub-discipline of Geography which is rich and dynamic The cartographic introduction we learned in this class will be directly useful in such classes as GIS and Remote Sensing These principles will be important in other classes as you may have to understand maps or construct them for assignments or projects

Evaluation Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet  In your best words, describe what a map means to you.  Name different types of maps you may come across.  What is a compass used for? A legend?  Why are maps important?  Who designs maps? How do you think this is done?

Reference History of Cartography volume 1 & 2. Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean-Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward Web. Links: en.wikipedia.org/.../History_of_cartography academic.emporia.edu/.../h_map.htm

Homework  Our next class would be: Map Projections and Map Scale Please review some books and sources on that.

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