Practical Neuroanatomy Lecture 3 Christine Hulette MD Cranial Nerves Auditory System Visual System Olfactory and Limbic System Hypothalamus Reticular System.

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Presentation transcript:

Practical Neuroanatomy Lecture 3 Christine Hulette MD Cranial Nerves Auditory System Visual System Olfactory and Limbic System Hypothalamus Reticular System

SENSORY NERVES Cranial nerve I Olfactory Cranial nerve II Optic Cranial nerve VIII Acoustovestibular

Gertz 1991

MOTOR NERVES Cranial nerve IV Trochlear Cranial nerve VI Abducens Cranial nerve XI Accessory Cranial nerve XII Hypoglossal

Gertz 1991

Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor Motor to four eyeball muscles Parasympathetic to ciliary ganglion Injury to nerve causes dilated pupil and ptosis “fixed and dilated”

Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal Sensory from face, cornea, mouth, nose, temporomandibular joint Motor to muscles of mastication

Cranial Nerve VII Facial Sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue Motor to muscles of facial expression Parasympathetic to salivary and lacrimal glands Injury causes facial droop, dry eyes, dry mouth

Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Sensory posterior 1/3 of tongue, auditory tube, pharynx Parasympathetic to parotid gland

Cranial Nerve X Vagus Sensory larynx and pharynx Motor to larynx and pharynx Parasympathetic to chest and abdomen

Gertz 1991

AUDITORY SYSTEM  Outer and Middle ear amplify sound  Inner ear  Cochlea  Hair cells  Acoustovestibular nerve  Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear nuclei F Lateral lemniscus F Inferior colliculus F Medial geniculate nucleus  Superior Temporal Cortex  Brodmann areas 41 and 42

England and Wakely 1991

Gertz 1991

VISUAL SYSTEM  The eyeball focuses light which stimulates the retina.  These signals are transmitted via the optic nerve, chiasm and tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus.  Nervous impulses then travel via the optic radiations to terminate in the primary visual (calcarine) cortex.

England and Wakely 1991

Gertz 1991

OLFACTORY SYSTEM  Sensory receptors in the nasal mucosa are stimulated by odors.  These stimuli are detected by the olfactory bulb.  Nervous impulses then travel through the olfactory tract to terminate in the anterior perforated substance.  There are intimate connections with the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and other parts of the limbic system.

Gertz 1991

HYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUS Bounded by the mamillary bodies, optic chiasm and hypothalamic sulcus. Regulates sleep, temperature, water metabolism, blood pressure, hunger, pituitary hormone secretion. Sympathetic and parasympathetic balance.

RETICULAR SYSTEM Descending reticular system projects to autonomic nervous system, extrapyramidal system output to voluntary muscles via the pontine tegmentum Ascending (reticular activating system) provides input from all sensory organs to thalamus and cortex