Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Compliance ASHRAE 90.1-2001 Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Compliance Today’s topic is the use of ASHRAE 90.1-2001 as compliance with the requirements of the 2004 Arkansas Energy Code for commercial buildings. This is more of an introductory overview than a detailed training session. I will go into many, but not all, of the requirements, and make a few suggestions on how to approach some of them.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Commercial Buildings are governed by Chapter 7 or Chapter 8. Chapter 7 states: “701.1 Scope. Commercial buildings shall meet the requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001.” Chapter 8 states: “801.2 Application. The requirements in Sections 802, 803, 804 and 805 shall each be satisfied on an individual basis. Where one or more of these sections is not satisfied, compliance for that section(s) shall be demonstrated in accordance with the applicable provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001.” The 2004 Arkansas Energy Code is very friendly to ASHRAE 90.1-2001. Chapter 7 states that ASHRAE 90.1-2001is the standard of compliance. Chapter 8 requires compliance with ASHRAE 90.1-2001 for any section of Chapter 8 that is not met on its face. The Arkansas 2004 Energy Code is based on the 2003 International Energy Conservation Code which required ASHRAE 90.1 in the same way, but the Arkansas amendments specifically call for ASHRAE 90.1-2001 without any subsequent amendments.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms 5. Building Envelope 6. Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning 7. Service Water Heating 9. Lighting 11. Energy Cost Budget Method Today, we will explore six of the sections of ASHRAE 90.1. We will include definitions, building envelope, HVAC, service water heating, and lighting requirements and the Energy Cost Budget path to compliance. We will start with selected definitions, abbreviations and acronyms. The actual listing in the standard covers 12 pages. Please be aware that I have paraphrased the actual definitions to try to present the effect without all of the sometimes lengthy language.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms budget building design building envelope exterior semi-exterior building grounds lighting continuous insulation (ci) door, door area Budget building design - a computer model of the proposed building that follows all of the limitations of the prescriptive path to compliance and establishes an energy budget for the proposed building. Building envelope - the exterior plus the semi-exterior portions of a building exterior - elements that separate conditioned spaces from the exterior semi-exterior - elements that separate conditioned spaces from spaces that may transmit thermal energy to the exterior. Building grounds lighting - parking lots, site lighting, roadway lighting, pedestrian path lighting, loading dock lighting and security lighting. Continuous insulation (ci) - insulation that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridging. Door, door area - all opaque operable opening areas,measured by the rough opening, including the frame. If the door is more than 50% glass, it is considered fenestration.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms envelope performance factor base envelope performance factor proposed envelope performance factor façade area fenestration skylight vertical fenestration Envelope performance factor - this is the trade-off value calculated according to section 5 to determine compliance of the envelope. The base factor is that of a narrowly prescriptive envelope, the proposed is that of the actual design. Façade area is measured in a plane parallel to the face of the building including all features, except for non-horizontal roof which is measured in a plane parallel to the surface of the non-horizontal roof. Fenestration - all areas, including frames, that let light into the building. Skylights - fenestration that has a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. Vertical fenestration - all fenestration that is not skylight.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms fenestration area floor, envelope floor area, gross gross building envelope floor area gross conditioned floor area gross lighted floor area gross semi-heated floor area Fenestration area - measured using the rough opening. Doors with 50% or more glass are considered fenestration. Floor, envelope - any floor that separates conditioned space from exterior or non-conditioned space. Excludes slab-on-grade. Floor area, gross - sum of all floors, basements, mezzanines, penthouses with 7.5’ or greater headroom, measured from exterior faces, excluding porches, walkways, overhangs, etc. gross building envelope floor - excludes slab-on-grade gross conditioned - self explanatory gross lighted - self explanatory gross semi-heated - self explanatory

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms glazed wall system historic installed interior lighting power lamp - compact fluorescent, fluorescent, general service, HID, incandescent, reflector lighting, decorative lighting, general Glazed wall systems - site assembled fenestration including curtain walls and solariums. Historic - On the National Registry of Historic Places or otherwise designated as historic. installed interior lighting power - all permanently installed (hardwired) general, task, and furniture lighting and luminaires. Lamp - any man-made light source. Lighting, decorative - purely ornamental and aesthetic. Shall not include general lighting. Lighting, general - intended to provide a substantially uniform level of illumination. Does not include decorative, accent or display lighting.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms lighting power allowance interior exterior process energy process load rated R-value Lighting power allowance - maximum watts allowed. Process energy - manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for occupants. Process load - the load resulting from consumption or release of process energy. Rated R-Value - the thermal resistance of an insulation component independent of other components or air films.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms roof attic and other metal building insulation entirely above deck single rafter roof roof area, gross service water heating Roof - upper portion of a building with a tilt from horizontal of less than 60 degrees. Attic and other - any roof not otherwise designated. Metal building roof - pre-engineered buildings Insulation entirely above deck - outside the roof structure and continuous (ci) Single rafter roof - roof and ceiling attached to same rafter with insulation between. Roof area, gross - measured from exterior face of walls. Service water heating - water heating for domestic or commercial purposes and not for space heating or process use.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms shading coefficient site recovered energy site solar energy slab on grade heated unheated solar heat gain coefficient Shading coefficient - ratio of solar heat gain compared to 1/8” double strength clear glass. Site recovered energy - waste energy recovered at the site to offset the use of purchased energy. Site solar energy - excludes passive gain through fenestration. Slab-on-grade - in contact with the ground and within 24” of nearest exterior grade. Heated - has a heating source within or below the slab Unheated - doesn’t solar heat gain coefficient - solar heat gain entering the space compared to incident solar energy.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms space conditioned cooled heated indirectly conditioned semi-heated unconditioned space conditioning category Space - enclosed space within a building. The classification of a space determines building envelope requirements. Cooled - sensible capacity exceeds 5 btu /sq. ft. Heated - varies with climate zone, but the value for Little Rock is 10 btu /sq. ft. Indirectly conditioned - a space that through air transfer or heat transfer from an adjacent space is conditioned. Semiheated - heating capacity is at least 3.4 btu /sq. ft, but not enough to be considered conditioned. Unconditioned - an enclosed space within a building that is not conditioned or semiheated.\ Space Conditioning Category - the three classifications of the Building Envelope Requirements Tables - nonresidential conditioned, residential conditioned, and semiheated.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms story wall above grade below grade mass metal building Story - the portion of a building that is between a finished floor and either another finished floor or the roof. Basements and cellars are not considered stories. Wall - portion of the building envelope that is tilted 60 degrees or more from horizontal including fenestration. Above grade - not below grade. Below grade - portion below the finished grade and in contact with the ground. Mass - wall with a heat capacity greater than 7 btu / sq. Ft or 5 btu /sq. ft if the weight is not more than 120 lb /cu ft. Metal building - pre-engineered building.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms wall (continued) steel framed wood framed wall area zone Wall (continued) Steel framed - steel stud walls and curtain walls Wood framed - all other wall types including wood stud walls. Zone - a space or group of spaces similar enough that a single thermostat will maintain desired conditions.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms CDD, CDD50 ci ENVSTD HDD, HDD65 NAGDM NFRC R, Rc, Ru CDD, CDD50 - cooling degree day, base 50F ci - continuous insulation ENVSTD - Envelope System Compliance Program (include with ASHRAE 90.1 users manual) HDD, HDD65 - heating degree day, base 65F NAGDM - National Association of Garage Door Manufacturers NFRC - National Fenestration Rating Council R, RC, RU - thermal resistance, surface to surface, including film factors.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 3. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms SHGC VLT SC - Shading Coefficient SHGC - Solar Heat Gain Coefficient VLT - Visible Light Transmission

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5 - Building Envelope 5.1 General 5.2 Mandatory Provisions 5.3 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option 5.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option 5.5 Mandatory Provisions The first part of the building that is addressed in ASHRAE 90.1 is the building envelope. Although this is the province of the architect, it will become the task of the mechanical to do the envelope validation calculations, so encourage your architect to follow the prescriptive path. General defines the scope of the section as well as compliance paths that exist. Mandatory Provisions must be met regardless of the compliance path. The Prescriptive Option, if met completely, guarantees compliance. None of the prescriptive requirements must be met if the alternate compliance path is chosen. If any of the prescriptive requirements are not met, the alternative path becomes mandatory.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.1 Building Envelope General Scope exceptions moisture control Compliance Climate, Location Space Conditioning Category Scope - section 5 applies to the part of the building that separates conditioned space from the exterior. Exceptions - for buildings that contain unconditioned and semiheated spaces, section 5 also specifies requirements for semi-exterior envelope which separates conditioned space form semiheated or unconditioned, or separates semiheated or unconditioned from the exterior. Section 5 does not address moisture control or provide guidelines for avoiding microbial growth or material degradation. Compliance - 5.1, 5.2, and either 5.3, provided vertical fenestration does not exceed 50% of wall and skylight does not exceed 5% of roof; or 5.4. Climate shall be based on CDD50 and HDD65 and use a listed site in appendix D or the most similar climatic site listed in appendix D. Spaces are assumed conditioned unless specific requirements are met.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.2 Building Envelope Mandatory Provisions Insulation Air Leakage Section 5.2 exists only because all of the x.2 sections hold the mandatory provisions. 5.2 only refers to 5.5 where the text of the requirements has been placed.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.3 Building Envelope Prescriptive Building Envelope Option Table 5.3 Opaque Areas Insulation Roof Above Grade and Below Grade Floor and Slab on Grade Table 5.3 is the Appendix B table that is reference at the site determined from Appendix D. Opaque area requirements cover insulation and opaque doors. Roof insulation is broken down into insulation entirely above deck, metal building roofs and attic and other roofs and requires compliance with table 5.3. Above grade walls are classified as mass, metal building, steel framed and wood framed or other and requires compliance with table 5.3. Below grade requires continuous insulation and compliance with table 5.3 Floors are classified as mass, steel joist, and wood joist or other. Again compliance with table 5.3 is required.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 The appropriate table 5.3should be furnished to the architect together with the Section 5 compliance checklist as early in the project as possible. The Climatic Data Tables in Appendix D specify which Building Envelope Requirements Table from Appendix B becomes Table 5.3 for the project. The requirements for “R” and “U” values may appear inconsistent until it is understood that the “R” value is for the insulation as though it were continuous and the “U” value is for the net assembly with the insulation value corrected for thermal bridging.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.3 Building Envelope Prescriptive Building Envelope Option Fenestration area U factor SHGC VLT With the prescriptive path, fenestration must be less than 50% of wall. For the Energy Cost Budget option on compliance, the budget building will have the same fenestration area as the proposed building, but not more than 50%. Skylight is similarly limited to 5% of roof. U-factors must not exceed the values found in table 5.3. This is usually not a problem. NFRC rating of the glazing is required or the values found in Appendix A must be used. SHGC is similarly limited, but exceptions exist for north facing glass, overhangs, and street side, street level display windows. VLT is not regulated under the prescriptive option, but is is a factor in the building envelope trade off option.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.4 Building Envelope Building Envelope Trade-Off Option Normative Appendix C ASHRAE 90.1-2001 Users Manual ENVSTD Software The building envelope trade-off option is required for any building that does not comply with all of the prescriptive requirements. Appendix C is devoted to the calculation procedures required for this option. They are a very effective remedy for insomnia. The ASHRAE 90.1 Users Manual is a well written “how-to” guide with interpretations and examples. It is well worth the price. The best part of the User’s Manual is that it includes the ENVSTD software. This is a compliance tool for the building envelope trade-off option. For those of you who have done an energy analysis using Trace or HAP, the effort involved in using ENVSTD is very similar.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.5 Building Envelope Mandatory Provisions Insulation Installation Substantial Contact Recessed Equipment Roof Insulation Protection Mandatory building envelope requirements include Insulation must be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s directions and in such a way that the rated R-value is achieved. Insulation must be in substantial contact with the inside surface. Insulation ratings must be maintained when equipment is recessed. Roof insulation may not be installed on a suspended ceiling with removable panels. Insulation must be protected against sunlight, moisture, landscaping operations, equipment maintenance, and wind. Attic and mechanical rooms must provide a way to access the equipment that does not compromise the insulation.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.5 Building Envelope Mandatory Provisions Fenestration and Doors - NFRC and NAGDM U factor Appendix A SHGC SC x 0.86 VLT Fenestration and doors must be rated by NFRC or NAGDM or the values must be obtained from Appendix A. Appendix A is a generic and not user friendly source of data. All values, U, SHGC and VLT must be NFRC rated. Even the shading coefficient that is converted to SHGC must be NFRC rated.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.5 Building Envelope Mandatory Provisions Air Leakage Building Envelope Sealing Fenestration and Doors Loading Dock Weatherseals Vestibules exceptions The sealing requirements for the building envelope, if actually constructed, should provide a good air barrier that is the first step in building IAQ. All joints, material interfaces, and penetrations are required to be sealed. Air leakage ratings for fenestration and doors must be certified by NFRC and may not exceed 1 CFM / Sq. ft for swinging and revolving doors and 0.4 CFM / Sq. ft for all other fenestration and doors. Loading dock doors require Weatherseals for parked vehicles in climates exceeding 3600 HDD65. Little Rock does not exceed 3600. Fayetteville does. Vestibules are required for exterior doors that don not qualify for any of 7 listed exceptions such as less than 4 stories, mechanical room doors, and revolving doors.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 5.5 Building Envelope Documentation The documentation for compliance consists of a checklist and listings of fenestration and opaque construction.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 In addition to these documents, buildings that comply through the Building Envelope Trade-Off Option should include a copy of the ENVSTD print out that states “Passes Compliance”.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6 - HVAC 6.1 General 6.2 Mandatory Provisions 6.3 Prescriptive Path Now we move to HVAC. The three parts of section 6 are General, Mandatory, and Prescriptive.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.1 - HVAC General Scope Compliance 6.1.3 Simplified Approach Mandatory plus Prescriptive Mandatory plus Energy Cost Budget (Section 11) Method Simplified Approach Option Section 6.1 requires that all mechanical equipment and systems serving the building heating, cooling or ventilating needs shall meet the requirenets of Section 6. There are three paths to compliance. They are Mandatory plus Prescriptive similar to what we just covered in Section 5; Mandatory plus Energy Cost Budget (Section 11); and a process unique to Section 6, the 6.1.3 Simplified Approach Option.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.1.3 - HVAC Simplified Approach Option < 25,000 SF and not greater than 2 stories single zone systems unitary air-cooled or evaporatively cooled meet 6.2 efficiency requirements economizer and relief Table 6.3 efficiency exemption “prevent overpressurization” In order to use the Simplified Approach Option, the systems must both qualify and must meet the Section 6.2 requirements that are referenced in Section 6.1.3. The building must not exceed 25,000 square feet, must not exceed two stories in height and must be exclusively served by single zone systems that are air or evaporatively cooled. The only allowable use of a boiler for heat is when it is used with a baseboard heating system. Those systems must meet the Section 6.2 efficiency requirements. If the systems meet the Table 6.3 efficiency requirements, an exemption to the economizer requirement is allowed. The building must not be over pressurized. Consider that pressurization of 0.04” w.g. puts almost 4-1/2 pounds of force on a three foot wide standard door that the Americans with Disabilities Act says can only have a door closer with five pounds of force. This is a serious limitation on the use of barometric dampers for relief.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.1.3 - HVAC Simplified Approach Option (continued) over 3,000 CFM OSA or over 70% OSA requires heat recovery manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat controls for heat pump auxiliary heaters no reheat or other simultaneous operation If any system is over 70% outside air or over 3,000 CFM of outside air, heat recovery from the exhaust/relief airstream is required for that system. A manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat is required. Heat Pump auxiliary heaters must be controlled to restrict operation when the heat pump can satisfy the heating load. No reheat or other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling is allowed. Note that the list of exceptions in 6.3.2.1 is not applicable when using this option.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.1.3 - HVAC Simplified Approach Option (continued) time of day control 7 different day schedules, manual override 55F setback and 90F setup 10 hour carryover time of day control exceptions hotel/motel guest rooms systems requiring continuous operation systems under 65,000 btuh cooling Time of day controls allowing a different program for every day of the week, manual override, 55 F heating setback, 90 F cooling setup, and 10 hour carryover are required, except for hotel/motel guestrooms, systems requiring continuous operation, and systems up to about 5-1/2 tons.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.1.3 - HVAC Simplified Approach Option (continued) piping insulation meets 6.2.4.1.3 outdoor piping insulation protection duct insulation meets 6.2.4.2 and 6.2.4.3 air balance to ± 10% of design no simultaneous operation of heating and cooling Exhausts over 300 CFM equipped with dampers Systems over 10,000 CFM have optimum start Pipe insulation not within a factory packaged unit must meet Table 6.2.4.1.3. Exterior insulation must be protected from weather and solar degradation. Duct insulation must meet Tables 6.2.4.2A and B and be sealed to the standards of Table 6.2.4.3A. An air balance to within 10% of design is required. Separate heating and cooling systems must be prevented from operating at the same time. Exhausts over 300 CFM require motorized or barometric dampers. Systems over 10,000 CFM require optimum start controls.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 This is the compliance documentation form for the Simplified Approach Option. It consists of a checklist and a system schedule.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Equipment Efficiencies Tables 6.2.1A through 6.2.1G Load Calculations The mandatory provisions of Section 6.2 are detailed. The equipment efficiencies of Tables 6.2.1 are very comprehensive and specify the efficiency test as well as the required efficiency. Load calculations are required that conform to generally accepted engineering principles, and references the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Controls Zone Thermostatic Controls thermostat required for each zone 5° F deadband setpoint overlap restriction Section 6.2.3 - Controls is quite thorough on what must be done and what is prohibited. It is also interesting to note that each requirement has one or more exceptions. It requires that each zone have its own thermostat and that the thermostat have a 5 F deadband. Where separate thermostats are used for heating and cooling, setpoint overlap must be positively prevented.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Controls (continued) Off Hour Controls Automatic Shutdown Setback Controls Optimum Start Zone Isolation Systems with a cooling capacity greater than 65,000 btuh and fan power greater than 3/4 HP are required to have Off-Hour controls. Automatic shutdown can be accomplished with four different methods; a 7 independently programmable day clock with override; occupancy sensors, manual timer operation not exceeding two hours, or security system interlock to shut down on security system activation. Setback controls to 55 F or cooler are required where the heating design temperature is 40 F or less. Setup to 90F is required where the cooling design temperature is 100 F or greater. Design temperatures are those found in Appendix D. Optimum start is required for systems greater than 10,000 CFM. Zone isolation is required to prevent conditioning of zones that are unoccupied.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Controls (continued) Ventilation System Controls Stair and Elevator Shaft Vents Gravity Hoods, Vents, and Ventilators Shutoff Damper Controls Dampers Dampers are required for the vents at the top of stairwells and elevator shafts that are closed during normal operation and open when required by fire and smoke detection systems. Gravity hoods, vents and ventilators must have motorized dampers. Ventilation and exhaust systems must have motorized dampers. A table of acceptable AMCA certified damper leakage is in the Standard.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Controls (continued) Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Humidifier Preheat Humidification and Dehumidification Freeze Protection and Snow Melting Systems Ventilation Controls for High Occupancy Areas Heat Pump auxiliary heat must be interlocked to operate only when the heat pump cannot supply adequate heat. Humidifier preheat shall be off except when humidification is required. Simultaneous humidification and dehumidification is prohibited. Exceptions include museums, and hospitals. Freeze protection and snow melt systems must be off when conditions do not warrant operation. The conditions are specified. Ventilation systems for high occupancy uses must allow reduction of ventilation for partial occupancy.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Insulation General Exposed to Weather Vapor Retardant Duct and Plenum Insulation Exceptions Piping Insulation Insulation must be installed in accordance with industry accepted standards. Insulation exposed to weather must be protected from degradation. Insulation of cold surfaces must have a vapor barrier on the warm side. Insulation of ducts an plenums must meet the requirements of Tables 6.2.4A and B. Factory insulation is exempt. Piping insulation must meet table 6.2.4.1.3 Exceptions include factory piping, loops from 60F to 105 F, specialty piping, and hot water runouts of less than 4 feet.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Duct and Plenum Leakage Duct Sealing Duct Leakage Tests Duct sealing is required according to Tables 6.2.4.3A and B. Ducts over 3” w.g. must be field tested for leak rate.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.2 - HVAC Mandatory Provisions Completion Requirements Drawings Manuals System Balancing NEBB, AABC, ASHRAE 111-1988 Air Systems Hydronic Systems System Commissioning As-Built drawings of the HVAC system are required. Detailed manuals are required including submittals, O&M data, name and address of service companies, controls maintenance and calibration information, and a complete narrative of operation of each system including suggested setpoints. Balancing is required. NEBB, AABC and ASHRAE 11-1988 are acceptable balancing procedures. Air systems must be balanced to minimize throttling losses and then have the fan adjusted to correct flow. Hydronic systems must be balanced in a similar manner with impeller trim or pump speed adjustment for the final setting. Commissioning is required. Detailed commissioning specifications are required for projects exceeding 50,000 square feet.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Economizers Exceptions Air Economizers Design Capacity Control Signal High Limit Shutoff Dampers Relief of Excess Outside Air Every thing up this point has been mandatory. The prescriptive requirements go into significant detail about the HVAC system, but the ECB method may be chosen or may be mandated by failure to meet any prescriptive requirement. An air or water economizer is required for every system that does not meet one of the nine listed exceptions. Table 6.3.1 determines the minimum size system that requires an economizer. Air economizers must meet 100% of the design airflow. Simultaneous operation of the economizer and mechanical cooling must be allowed. Changeover control strategies and settings are in Tables 6.3..1.1..3A and B. Damper leakage must not exceed 6.2.3.3.4. Overpressurization of the building is prohibited.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Water Economizers Design Capacity (50 F db, 45 F wb) Maximum Pressure Drop Integrated Economizer Control exceptions Economizer Heating System Impact Water economizers must meet 100% of the building load at 50 F db and 45 F wb except where building dehumidification requirements cannot be met with 45 F wb, where the requirement changes to 45 F db and 40 F wb. Economizer pressure drop is limited to 15 ft w.g. Simultaneous operation of the water economizer and mechanical refrigeration must be permitted. There are three specialized exceptions to that requirement. Water economizer use shall not increase building heating load.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation Zone Controls exceptions Hydronic System Controls Three Pipe System Two Pipe Changeover System Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump System Zone controls must prevent simultaneous heating and cooling unless one of several detailed exceptions is met. They include ASHRAE 62 required ventilation air, 0.4 CFM / sq. ft, 30% of peak design flow, 300 CFM, areas with special pressure relationships and areas where 75% of the reheat energy come from site energy recovery or site solar. Heating of preciously cooled fluids and cooling of previously heated fluid are not allowed The three pipe system is not allowed. Two pipe changeover requires a 15 F deadband between changeover temperatures, minimum run time in either mode if four hours and reset of fluid temperatures so that at changeover less than 30 F change in loop temperature is required. For heat pump loops, the deadband between heat rejection and heat addition must be at least 20 F, with tower bypass in heating season.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation (cont) Dehumidification exceptions Humidification Dehumidification control is prohibited unless one of six detailed exceptions applies. Systems requiring humidification shall have a water economizer, if an economizer is required.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Air System Design and Control Fan Power Limitation Variable Air Volume Systems Part Load Fan Power Limitation Static Pressure Sensor Location Set Point Reset Constant Volume systems are limited to 1.1 or 1.2 HP per 1,000 CFM. Variable Volume systems are limited to 1.5 or 1.7 HP per 1,000 CFM. The lower power limit is for systems above 20,000 CFM. The limit does not apply to systems with 5 HP and smaller motors. Additional power is allowed for special filtration requirements, heat recovery, or other devices to serve process loads. VAV fans of 30 HP and larger must control to 30% of design power at 50% of design flow. Static pressure sensors are to be located so that setpoint is no more than 1/3 of design fan pressure unless critical zone reset is used. Critical zone reset is required where DDC systems are used.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Hydronic System Design and Control Hydronic Variable Flow Systems exceptions Pump Isolation Chilled and Hot Water Reset Controls Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems Hydronic systems with a total pump horsepower of 10 HP or more must meet this set of requirements. This literally means that a system with a 3 HP chilled water pump, a 5 HP condenser water pump and a 2 HP hot water pump must meet these requirements. Systems with modulating control valves require variable pumping that can reduce flow to 50% or less. Pumps over 100 ft of head and 50 HP must meet the 30% power at 50% flow rule. Exception is made for manufacturer’s requirements for flow provided the pump is 75 HP or less. Pumps serving multiple chillers or boilers must be able to match flow with active capacity. Reset of water loop temperatures is required except where control sequences will not work properly or variable flow systems. Water source heat pumps are required to have an automatic valve that shuts off flow when the compressor is off.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Heat Rejection Equipment General Fan Speed Control Exceptions This applies to cooling towers, air cooled condensers, evaporative condensers, and fluid coolers. Motors 7.5 HP and larger require speed control of 2/3-1/3 or better. Exceptions are made for fans serving multiple refrigerant circuits, flooded condensers, and some fans on a multiple fan system where the lead fans comply.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Energy Recovery Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Exceptions Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating Systems of 5,000 CFM or more, where the exhaust quantity is 75% or more of the ventilation quantity require heat recovery with an effectiveness of 50% or better. Exceptions are made for laboratories, uncooled spaces heated to less than 60 F, toxic flammable and corrosive exhaust, grease exhaust, etc. Condenser heat recovery is re4quired where there is 24 hour operation and there is at least six million btuh of heat rejection and the service water load exceeds one million btuh. Capacity must be 60% of peak heat rejection or preheat service water to 85F. Exceptions are where 30% of heat rejection is used for space heating and sites that obtain 60% of service water heating from site solar or other site recovered energy.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Exhaust Hoods Kitchen Hoods Exceptions Fume Hoods Radiant Heating Systems Heating Unenclosed Spaces Heating Enclosed Spaces Kitchen hoods over 5,000 CFM must have at least 50% makeup that is not heated past 60 F and is not mechanically cooled. Exceptions are hoods that use air that would otherwise be exhausted and hoods that require a face velocity of mo more than 60 FPM. Fume hood systems totaling 15,000 CFM or more must use one of three specified features. Radiant heating is required where unenclosed spaces must be heated. Radiant heating for enclosed spaces must comply with the same requirements as other heating systems.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 6.3 - HVAC Prescriptive Path Hot Gas Bypass Limitation exception System using hot gas bypass must have other methods of capacity control. Systems under 20 tons must reduce to 50%, those above 20 tons must reduce to 25%. Unitary package systems under 7-1/2 tons are not required to unload.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 The first two pages of the Section 6 compliance forms are for the mandatory items and must be completed for every project.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 The third and fourth pages are for prescriptive items and are necessary w3here the prescriptive path is followed. These forms are also handy for setting up the budget building when following the ECB path.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7 - Service Water Heating 7.1 General 7.2 Mandatory Provisions 7.3 Prescriptive Path The structure of the brief service water heating section is the same as the HVAC section.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7.1 - Service Water Heating General Scope Compliance Mandatory plus Prescriptive Mandatory plus Energy Cost Budget Service water heating systems are required to comply with the requirements of Section 7. Compliance is made by following either of two paths Mandatory plus prescriptive or Mandatory plus ECB

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7.1 - Service Water Heating Mandatory Provisions Load Calculation Equipment Efficiency Exception Calculation of the service water heating load is required. Manufacturer’s procedures, generally accepted engineering practices and handbooks such as ASHRAE Applications. All service water heaters are required to meet the efficiencies in Table 7.2.2. There is an exception to the standby losses for service water heaters holding over 140 gallons if the insulation is at least R-12.5, there is no standing pilot, and a flue damper or fan-assisted combustion is used.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7.2 - Service Water Heating Mandatory Provisions Service Water Heating Controls Temperature Controls Temperature Maintenance Controls Outlet temperature Controls Circulating Pump Controls A temperature control is required. Temperature maintenance systems are required to have controls that allow shutdown of the maintenance system during extended periods when hot water is not required. Public lavatory supply temperature is limited to 110 F. Storage tank temperature recirculating pumps must be controlled to only operate from the start of the heating cycle to 5 minutes after the end of the heating cycle.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7.2 - Service Water Heating Mandatory Provisions Pools Pool Heaters Pool Covers exception Time Switches Heat Traps Pool heaters require a shutoff control that does not require adjusting the temperature setting. Heated pools require pool covers. Those heated above 90 F require R-12 insulated covers. Covers are not required for pools deriving over 60% of the heat required from site heat recovery or site solar. Heat traps are required for vertical service water heating risers from a storage hot water system.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 7.3 - Service Water Heating Prescriptive Path Space Heating and Water Heating Service Water Heating Equipment Combination space and service water heating systems are allowed where standby losses are controlled to a formula in the standard, or the AHJ is convinced that a single system will use less energy than separate systems, or the energy of the combined system is less than 150,000 btuh. Service water heating equipment used for space heating shall meet all of the requirements for service water heating equipment.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 The compliance form is a checklist and equipment schedule for the mandatory requirements and a combination use schedule for the prescriptive.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9 - Lighting 9.1 General 9.2 Mandatory Provisions 9.3 Prescriptive Path There is not a compliance form for Section 8 - Power. There is a voltage drop limit in the mandatory provisions and requirements for specific job close-out documents. There are no prescriptive requirements. Now for lighting. The organization is the same as sections 6 and 7.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9.1 - Lighting General exceptions The lighting section applies to interior spaces of buildings exterior building features including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances, exits, loading docks and illuminated canopies exterior building grounds lighting supplied through the building’s electrical service Exceptions emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation, lighting within living units, lighting specifically required by law, decorative gas lighting.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9.2 - Lighting Mandatory Provisions Lighting Control Automatic Lighting Shutoff exception Space Control Exterior Lighting Control Lighting shut off, in buildings larger than 5,000 sq. ft, must be automated by a time schedule, occupancy sensors, or system interlock. There are limits on the area that may be controlled by a single time schedule. 24 hour lighting is exempt from this rule. Each space must have a local control that can turn the lights off and override the automatic shutoff, located so the the controlled lighting is visible from the control. A safety or security exception is made if several more conditions are met. Exterior lighting requires a photocell or astronomical time switch. There is an exception for entrances, exits, and parking structures.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9.2 - Lighting Mandatory Provisions Lighting Control (continued) Additional Control Tandem Wiring exceptions Exit Signs Separate controls are required for display/accent lighting, case lighting, hotel and motel guestroom lighting, task lighting, non-visual lighting, and demonstration lighting. Tandem wiring is required to avoid single lamp ballasts. There are several exceptions. Exit signs exceeding 20w must meet an efficacy requirement.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9.2 - Lighting Mandatory Provisions Installed Interior Lighting Power exception Luminaire Wattage Exterior Building Grounds Lighting Installed interior lighting power includes lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except for the 15 exceptions listed in 9.3.1. Luminaire wattage determination is specified for all types of luminaires. Exterior lamps greater than 100 watts must meet a minimum efficacy requirement.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 9.3 - Lighting Prescriptive Path Interior Lighting Power exceptions Building Area Method Space by Space Method Additional Lighting Power Exterior Lighting Power Allowable interior lighting power is determined by two methods. The allowable power is the larger of the two numbers. Generally, the space-by-space method will yield the higher number, but always calculate the Building Area value to be sure. Once the total lighting wattage is determined, it may be distributed in any way that is desired. There are 15 listed exceptions of lighting that does not come out of the calculated allowance. The building area is measured from the exterior face of walls to the centerline of partitions separating the project from other parts of the building. Only one building type may be used for the allowance. Space-by space measures from exterior face of exterior walls to centerline of partitions. There are allowances for additional power in the space-by-space method. Significant limit are placed on exterior lighting power with some exceptions such as advertising signage.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Page 1 of the compliance documentation has a mandatory provision checklist and a recap of the building area and space-by-space lighting power allowance calculations. Page 2 is a schedule of the installed lighting together with a calculation of additional lighting power allowances. Page 3 is a schedule of the lighting installed under the additional allowance, calculation of exterior and façade lighting allowances and schedules of installed exterior and façade lighting. The schedules will frequently need expansion beyond the number of lines provided on the form.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11 - Energy Cost Budget Method 11.1 General 11.2 Simulation General Requirements 11.3 Calculation of the Design Energy Cost 11.4 Calculation of the Energy Cost Budget 11.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods The ECB calculation is an alternative to following the prescriptive path so everything in Section 11 is mandatory.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11.1 - Energy Cost Budget Method General Scope Compliance Trade-Offs Limited to Building Permit Envelope Limitation Documentation The ECB path is not available to buildings with no mechanical system. Compliance requires meeting all mandatory requirements of the other sections. The design energy cost must not exceed the budget energy cost and the specified component energy efficiency must equal or exceed the energy efficiency of those components in the design energy cost calculation. If the building permit is not for the whole building, the trade-offs are limited to the scope of the permit. The ECB may not be submitted to the AHJ prior to submittal of the building envelope. Documentation is simplified by use of the forms from the User’s Manual.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11.2 - Energy Cost Budget Method Simulation General Requirements Simulation Program Climatic Data Purchased Energy rates Compliance Calculations The standard specifically references DOE2 and Blast as acceptable programs. Trace and HAP also meet the program requirements that are listed. The weather data is subject to approval by the AHJ. Real utility rates are needed. A special rule exists for on site renewable energy and on site energy recovery. Both simulations, the budget and the design, must use the same program, the same weather and the same energy cost rates.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11.3 - Energy Cost Budget Method Calculation of the Design Energy Cost Proposed Design Model Space Use Classification Buildings with Incomplete Energy System Designs Requirement for Both Heating and Cooling HVAC Systems Building Envelope The proposed design model must be consistent with the construction documents in all respects. The building type and space type designations must be consistent with Tables 9.3.1.1 or 9.3.1.2. Where the system is not known, it is modeled as minimally compliant, that is, prescriptive. Where space classification is unknown, model as an office. All conditioned spaces are to be modeled as heated and cooled even if the systems are not yet being installed. HVAC system requirements are given for existing systems, designed systems, and unknown heating and cooling systems. The building envelope model must match the architectural drawings with limited exceptions.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11.3 - Energy Cost Budget Method Calculation of the Design Energy Cost (cont) Service Hot Water Systems Lighting Other systems Further Modeling Limitations and exceptions Schedules Thermal Blocks Service water heating in the model must match existing and /or designed systems. Existing lighting is modeled as it exists, designed lighting must be determined in accordance with Section 9.3. Lighting for areas with no existing or designed lighting are lighted according to the Building Area method. Consideration of other loads is optional. Consideration is made for working around limitations of the simulation program. This requires approval of the AHJ. Scheduling of occupancy, lighting, miscellaneous loads, setpoints, and HVAC operation are required. Thermal blocks must be identical between the design and the budget.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Section 11.4 - Energy Cost Budget Method Calculation of the Energy Cost Budget Budget Building Design Building Envelope HVAC Systems Service Hot Water Systems Lighting Other Systems The budget building is a modification of the proposed design. The envelope is made to comply with the prescriptive requirements including a reduction to no more than 50% fenestration and 5% skylight if necessary. The HVAC system that is modeled follows a map based on the system in the proposed design. Extensive and detailed requirements are given. Service water heating is at the minimum efficiency in section 7. Combined systems are split into separate systems for heating and service water heating. Lighting is adjusted to the maximum power allowed for the categorization used. Other systems are modeled as identical to the proposed design.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 This is the final set of compliance forms. Page 1 contains a Space summary and a schedule of advisory messages from the program. Page 2 contains a comparison of energy use and energy demand for the proposed design and budget buildings. The units are btu x 106 for energy use and btu x 103 for energy demand. Conversions from the units provided in program output5 such as kW and Therms must be made.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Summary of Compliance Mandatory must be done The envelope must pass without help from mechanical or electrical Prescriptive has many requirements, but guarantees compliance The ECB method uses lots of design time, but allows much more design flexibility To sum up, Mandatory provisions in 5.2, 5.5, 6.2, 7.2, 8.2, 9.2, and 10.2 must be met. The envelope must meet all 5.3 prescriptive requirements or pass the trade-off option that provides no help from more efficient mechanical or electrical systems. The prescriptive path has lots of detailed requirements, but requires no extra calculations. The ECB method provides lots of design flexibility, but consumes hours and hours of calculation time.

ASHRAE 90.1-2001 and Arkansas Energy Code 2004 Questions? Are there any questions?