The Body

What are body systems? Body Systems-a group of organs that work together to complete a specific task in the body

Body Systems Skeletal Muscular Digestive Endocrine Nervous Excretory Respiratory Circulatory Reproductive Immune/Lymphatic

Skeletal System Collection of bones Skeletal functions: Gives body shape Provides support Provides protection for vital organs Produces blood cells As a child – 350 bones Adult – 206 bones

Muscular system Muscles main job is to provide movement and function. 3 types of muscles Cardiac – muscle of the heart. Skeletal – muscles attach to bone and provide movement of the body. More than 650 muscles Smooth – Mostly in internal organs and digestive system

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Voluntary Controlled by YOU Skeletal muscle Connected to 2 bones Work in pairs Contract/Relax from impulses from nervous system Involuntary Muscles work without conscious effort Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Controlled by the nervous system Perform daily functions to keep you alive.

Digestive System Series of organs which digests food. Digestion is the breakdown of food into the smallest parts. Tracing the organs Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Food dissolved and absorbed through the walls to be used by body Wastes are moved through large intestine and out of body

Endocrine System A group of glands and hormones that’s main job is to regulate growth and development. Gland – group of cells that gives off chemical messenger Hormone: Chemical messenger Hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland. (switch) The pituitary gland is the “Master Gland” Regulates all other glands in system.

Respiratory System Brings oxygen in and lets carbon dioxide out of the body The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs (like a vacuum). As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs. Air flow Mouth/nose Trachea 2 Bronchi (bronchitis) Bronchial Tubes Lungs Alveoli (air filled sacs that have capillaries) Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchanged. Oxygen to blood, Carbon dioxide out of the body

Circulatory System Your body’s internal transport system which moves blood through the body The four main parts of the system are the: 1) heart 2) arteries 3) capillaries 4) veins Heart pumps oxygenated blood to body Arteries: Blood flow carries nutrients and oxygen to body tissues in arteries Veins: Blood flow carries waste products back to heart Capillaries: Exchange oxygen and waste products at body tissues

Nervous System Body’s control center and communications network. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Brain acts as a central computer. Brain uses spinal cord and nerves to send messages back and forth to different parts of the body. EX. Message from hot stove comes into the brain, the brain sends a message back to tell you to move your hand.

Nervous System Components The Brain Weighs about 3 lbs Sends messages that governs body functions Has a part in almost everything your body does. Spinal Cord About 18 inches long and ¾ inches thick Spans from base of the brain down the spine Nerves Branch off the spinal cord All shapes and sizes Relay messages to specific places.

Excretory System Definition: removes harmful wastes from your body and maintains the body’s water and salt balance Parts: ureter (tube that carries urine from kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra Kidneys: core organs act as a filter all of the blood in your body passes through the kidneys key players in the hydration (water) levels for your body The excretory system is a close partner with both the circulatory and endocrine system.

Immune/Lymphatic System Lymphatic System-a network of vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body Lymph-the clear, yellowish fluid that leaks from capillaries, fills the spaces around the body’s cells. Lymph distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body.

Lymph Nodes and Spleen Two main functions: Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment. Immunity The lymph nodes play an important part in the body's fight against infection. They act as a biological filter, cleaning out microorganisms from the fluids that pass through them. The human spleen is an organ that creates lymphocytes for the destruction and recycling of old red-blood cells. The spleen is also the location where white blood cells trap organisms.

Immune System A network of tissues, organs, and cells that fight pathogens; protection from disease Defense Team: Leukocytes Antigens Leukocytes Phagocytes, cells that chew up invading organisms lymphocytes, cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them

Lymphocytes B lymphocytes are like the body's military intelligence system, seeking out their targets and sending defenses to lock onto them. T cells are like the soldiers, destroying the invaders that the intelligence system has identified. Antigens are foreign substances that invade the body These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies The T cells are part of the system that destroys antigens that have been tagged by antibodies

Reproductive System A system of organs which work together for the purpose of reproduction. MALE ORGANS: testes, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra FEMALE ORGANS: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.

The 5 Senses Vision Hearing Balance Smell & Taste Touch

The Anatomy of the Eye Cornea- clear tissue that covers the front of the eye Pupil- the opening through which light enters the eye Iris- a circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye Lens-flexible structure that focuses on light Retina- layer of receptor cells that lines the back of the eye Your eyes respond to the stimulus of light. They convert that stimulus into impulses that your brain interprets.

Farsightedness/Nearsightedness Farsightedness: is greater difficulty seeing close up objects. Nearsightedness: is the inability to focus clearly upon distant objects. Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery can all be used to correct both problems. Nearsightedness can be corrected with the new Lasik surgery.