Tlingit/ West Hopi/ Southwest Lakota Sioux/Plains Iroquois/ East Woods Which Tribe?
Tlingit What was the location & climate of the Tlingit?
Location Climate Location: North coast of the west: from Alaska to California Climate: wet with mild winters & cool summers
Tlingit Describe the food resources of the Tlingit.
-they hunted, collected berries, & mostly fished -NO farming -had salmon run: catch salmon to last all year - they respected environment
Tlingit Describe the homes of the Tlingit.
-in villages with large homes they made of wood by their skilled woodworkers -had totem poles in front
Tlingit What kind of technology & art did the Tlingit have?
-food was plentiful, so had lots of time for technology & art, such as: -dams & traps to catch salmon -large canoes -totem poles (built to honor family members & chiefs) -decorative things like baskets -able to trade their resources
potlatches The Tlingit held potlatches. Describe what they were.
-feasts held for special events (weddings, honor a chief) -could last few days -guests get gifts from hosts. -Higher rank you held, better gift you got
Hopi What was the location & climate of the Hopi?
Location: Climate: Location: Near Arizona Climate: Made up of dry land (mountains, canyons, mesas)
Hopi Describe the food resources of the Hopi.
- farmers of the desert (not what you’d expect in dry desert) -grew crops w/ dry farming since they had little water - built dams & irrigation canals -farming was sacred –respected nature
Hopi Describe the homes of the Hopi.
-apartment style homes- pueblos- villages -built of adobe clay, which protected from weather -to keep invaders out, 1 st floor had no doors! Used ladders
Hopi What kind of technology & art did the Hopi have?
Pottery that is still being made today.
Kachina The Hopi held Kachina ceremonies. Describe what they were.
-religious ceremonies -spirits visit them half the yr -believe they bring rain to help crops grow & show how to live & behave -many different kachina dancers & dolls to teach children
Lakota Sioux What was the location & climate of the Lakota Sioux?
Location: Climate: Location: Dakota & Montana area – Black Hills of South Dakota Climate: dry prairies (flat grass covered lands) -hot summers & cold winters -little rain
Lakota Sioux Describe the food resources of the Lakota Sioux.
horses -farmers until 1600s, then horses ran away from Spanish owners -by 1700s, Lakota tamed them – riding horses allowed them to travel & hunt/eat buffalo -stopped living in permanent homes & followed buffalo -1800s- women dry buffalo meat so it lasts all yr (jerky)
Lakota Sioux Describe the homes of the Lakota Sioux.
-lived in teepees-mobile homes made of buffalo skins by the women -regulates temperature -could move teepees on travois (sleds)
Lakota Sioux What kind of technology & art did the Lakota Sioux have?
-kept track of time with calendar on buffalo hide w/symbols –called winter counts
Lakota Sioux Describe how the Lakota Sioux treated a buffalo hunt like a sport.
-in 1800s- at a buffalo hunt & in battle, it was a sport for men -not meant to hurt anyone -used coup stick to touch opponents but not kill them
Iroquois What was the location & climate of the Iroquois?
Location: Climate: Location: from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River -5 grps of Iroquois in NY state -had Hodenosaunee Trail Climate: lots of lakes, rivers, forests, & has all 4 seasons
Iroquois Describe the food resources of the Iroquois.
-lots of natural resources: (fish from waters, hunting in forests & wood for building, grew rice, good soil for farming along costs) -Excellent farmers: mostly women farmed
Iroquois Describe the homes of the Iroquois.
-lived in permanent villages & could travel far in canoes -lived in longhouses (long buildings made of poles covered w/ bark) -several families per longhouse
Iroquois What kind of technology & art did the Iroquois have?
-Wampum: small drilled beads strung together as belts or necklaces -made to remember important events -lots of time to make each one -began trading them in 1600s
Iroquois With the Iroquois, women had most of the power. How so & what were they called?
-Called clan mothers -decided how land was used & who used it -led clan of families- women owned longhouses -men joined wife’s longhouse -village leaders were men but chosen by clan mother
What Native American group are descendants of the Anasazis? Hint: think Pueblo people
Hopi The Hopi of the Southwest
Which tribe relied on the seas & forests before the Europeans arrived? Explain how & what else these people did.
Tlingit got most of their food from the sea & forests. They became wealthy from trading their extra food (surplus) & because they didn’t have to worry about getting food/surviving, they were able to develop advanced technology & art.
What tribe are Hiawatha & Deganawida from & why is their story so important?
Hiawatha & Deganawida are Iroquois & their story was important because their actions led to creation of the Iroquois Confederacy & Great Laws, which made the Iroquois powerful & a united group.
Iroquois Confederacy How & why did the Iroquois Confederacy form?
-in 1300s fighting broke out in Iroquois against other tribes over hunting ground -in 1570 formed Iroquois Confederacy – joined together to live in peace -2 leaders told story to help create Confederacy (Hiawatha & Deganawida) -had Great Laws (rules) -had Grand Council w/ representatives chosen by clan mothers to make decisions by compromising
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Describe the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act & what group of Native Americans it was associated with.
Tlingit -In 1867 US bought Alaska from Russia (Russians came to Tlingit area in mid 1700s & took the land). -US forced many Tlingits away from coast; they couldn’t fish anymore -Tlingit fought to keep/get back land. -In 1971, US govt. passed Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act which gave back 44 millions of acres of land to the Tlingit