America Becomes a World Power Mr. Phipps U.S. History

Objectives Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power Trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.

Imperialism: A Primer  Imperialism: To expand, to take over another country, to extend positive/negative influence into another country, to exploit another country for resources.  Isolationism: To withdraw from foreign affairs, to focus on domestic issues.  Foreign Policy: The way one country interacts with another country, diplomacy, working out economic, militaristic, and cultural exchange; usually focuses on war, border disputes, immigration, and trade.  Domestic Policy: The way one country deals with itself and its own people; usually deals with employment, education, elderly care, crime, civil rights, cultural issues.  Nationalism: The feeling of pride in one’s own country, extreme patriotism; usually denotes the idea that one’s country is infallible and better than any alternative.  Self-Determination: The ability for one country to decide its own fate, conduct, behavior, and diplomacy with the intervention of a foreign government.

 Why would one country take over another country?  What are the benefits of taking over another country?  What are the downsides of taking over another country?  What reactions would the natives of that other country have to being taken over?

Arguments For Imperialism

Arguments Against Imperialism

The U.S. Takes Sides PRO-IMPERIALISTS  Big Business: Looking for new markets to sell manufactured items; find cheap labor  War Hawks: Congressmen looking to spread U.S. influence overseas  Executive Branch: President seeking to define the U.S. as a “world power” ANTI-IMPERIALISTS  Minorities: Marginalized groups who want domestic security before foreign involvement  Isolationists: Congressmen who consider the U.S. unprepared for full- scale foreign involvement  Nativists: Americans who find no reason to participate with “foreigners”

A Timeline of Territorial Expansion

Becoming the “United” States  1776: The Declaration of Independence  1783: The Treaty of Paris --Great Britain cedes lands up to the Miss. River  1803: The Louisiana Purchase --Doubles the size of the U.S., purchased for $15 million  1830: Oklahoma and Michigan Territories --Aquired after the Indian Wars, through genocide and relocation  1848: The Mexican Cession --Won after the Mexican-American War, included the Southwest, California, and Texas  1853: The Gadsden Purchase --Bought from Mexico, the last piece of the continental U.S.  1867: Alaska --Purchased by William Seward for $7.2 million from Russia, called “Seward’s Icebox” and “Seward’s Folly”, later to yield some of the riches oil reserves in the U.S.  1893: Hawaii --Taken as a “protectorate” after the U.S. started a civil war

So What? Benefits of Territorial Expansion  Expand American influence  Provide land to a growing population  Gain rich agricultural lands and natural resources  Secure borders against foreigners (Britain, Spain, Russia, etc)  Gain needed ports for further expansion Problems of Territorial Expansion  Territorial expansion caused slavery to spread (and Civil War to start)  Difficult to manage large territory (enforce laws, communicate, send mail, trade, etc.,)  Caused intense friction between the U.S. and other nations (including Native Indians)

The Friction The War of 1812 The Indian Wars The Mexican-American War

The American Civil War

 Is there such a thing as a “just war”?  Under what conditions is war O.K.?

WARWOUNDEDDEADCOST Revolutionary War6,1004,500$3.2 Billion War of 18124,5002,300$1 Billion Mexican-American War4,10013,200$1.8 Billion Civil War413,000553,600$72 Billion (combined) Spanish-American War1,7002,500$6.5 Billion World War I204,000116,500$588 Billion World War II671,000408,000$4.8 Trillion What is it good for?

A Comparative Look

 What accounts for the difference in wounded, dead, and cost of war? Identify 3 factors.

Another Look