© 2005 Clairmont Press A New World Explorers

How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration? Why did the Europeans (French, Spanish, and British) explore and settle in the southeastern part of North America? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

For almost 3 centuries, European nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere. AGE OF DISCOVERY

Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents: World Europe Plus Scattered Islands in the Ocean AfricaAsia

EUROPEAN COLONIZATION Line of Demarcation – – Spain and Portugal signed a treaty which divided the world in two halves, giving Spain control of the New World.

 Other European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves.  England and France prepared to make their own explorations.

ELBOW PARTNERS: WHY DID THE EUROPEANS START EXPLORING THE “NEW WORLD?”

THE RACE IS ON... Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.

HOW MUCH LAND COULD AN EXPLORER CLAIM AND FOR HOW LONG?  Any first discovery claims had to be followed by actual occupation  It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach.  To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from the explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.  Did not require permission from Native Americans.  Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.

GodGoldGlory SPAIN COMES TO THE SOUTHEAST Convert the Natives Discover New Riches Expand Its Empire

Wheat Oranges Sugar cane Horses Cows Pigs Chickens Take to the New World Corn Potatoes Tomatoes Pineapple Tobacco Bring Back to Spain More Than Gold Changed Hands...

Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto

In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.

In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).

On this journey, the Spanish encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period. THE MISSISSIPPIANS MEET THE SPANIARDS

Food was a continual problem. Often seized stored food supplies from Indians. Meat was in such short supply that the expedition reportedly even ate the dogs of some Indian villages. JOURNEY OF DEATH & DISAPPOINTMENT

SPANISH MISSIONS Mission – Definition: A religious church or station established in a foreign land to allow missionaries to spread their religion. In 1566, Spain established missions on Georgia’s Cumberland Island and St. Catherine’s Island, called Santa Catalina. During the same century, posts were established at Sapelo and St. Simon’s Island. The missions were used by the Spanish to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism but also served as a trading post; Native Americans used the missions to integrate themselves into the European world.

De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of American Indians in Georgia died, many from disease brought by the Spaniards.

DISEASES The Native Americans were exposed for the first time to European diseases against which they had little resistance. Measles Chicken pox Small pox During the two centuries following the discovery of the New World, 90% of the Native Population vanished.

Native Americans Weapons of Stone & Wood Spanish GunsSteel SwordsMetal ArmorHorses

The Spaniards marched across Georgia into South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.

ExplorerDateCountry Represented Hernando de Soto1540Spain Territory Discovered/Explored Results of Exploration Explored Georgia and Southeastern North America Failed to Find Riches, Brought Death and Destruction to Indians

ELBOW PARTNER With your partner... – 5-3-1: List five things you learned in this section. List three things you are still unsure about. Compose one question you have.

THREE COUNTRIES VIE FOR LAND

ENGLAND In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.

ENGLAND’S REASONS TO SETTLE IN THE NEW WORLD Mercantilism – the belief that countries should export more than they import. Countries wanted to take over as many of the world’s natural resources as possible

France was the 3 rd European power to enter the race for North America. Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he could sail westward from Europe to Asia. First, landed on the Carolina coast. FRENCH CLAIMS IN THE SOUTHEAST

Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots (French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed northward looking for a place to settle. JEAN RIBAULT Just north of present-day Savannah, Ribault discovered a protected inlet, which he named Port Royal. Spain was outraged and quickly drove the French out and captured Fort Caroline and then executed the French Huguenots.

SO WHAT DID FRANCE DO? (REASON FOR EXPLORATION) Established the Louisiana Territory and a lucrative fur trade

ELBOW PARTNER: PICK A NEW ELBOW PARTNER Each student will receive a map of the US. – Color where the English settled red. – Color where the French settled blue. – Color where the Spanish settled green. Write a paragraph together of what the main purposes of each country was and where each country predominately settled.