Exploration

Age of Exploration 3 countries sponsored early explorers. 3 countries sponsored early explorers. Portugal Italy Spain

Factors That Encouraged Exploration…

What is the easiest way to remember it all? The Three G’s: The Three G’s: –Gold –God –Glory

Gold Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for –really wealth, not just literal gold. The search for spices and profits The search for spices and profits –What country dominated trade in Europe?  Italy –Other countries paid higher prices for limited products  So, What did they do?? –They found new routes to the places where products were made –Da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% profit! Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well –timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.

God Europeans see spreading Christianity as a good thing Europeans see spreading Christianity as a good thing –Many Christians felt it was their sacred duty to convert non Christians Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring up Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring up –Colonization will become a race to convert native peoples to a particular brand of Christianity –Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active

Just like Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe Just like Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe –Renaissance focus of individual achievement –Printing press = fame for one’s actions was more possible –Individual kings wanted glory for their kingdoms  competition spreads

Questions How did the Renaissance influence exploration? How did the Renaissance influence exploration? What are the 3 main factors G? What are the 3 main factors G? –Hint: GoGoGlo Besides gold, what other natural resources were the explorers searching for? Besides gold, what other natural resources were the explorers searching for? How did the Reformation lead to the Age of Exploration? How did the Reformation lead to the Age of Exploration?

Technological Advances… Ability to use new technology People were inspired by new inventions and ideas.

The Caravel –The caravel was a new, faster, more maneuverable ship –This ship had a newly designed hull –triangular sails that helped it maintain it’s course in storms  (easier to change direction)

The Compass –This invention would help people determine what direction they were traveling

The Astrolabe –This invention helped people tell how far north or south of the equator they were

Explorations Prince Henry “The Navigator” Prince Henry “The Navigator” –Not a navigator…a patron –Henry paid for many sea voyages –He also opened a school of navigation in Portugal –What did he expect to get out of all this?

Explorations…

Effects of Exploration Good: Good: Doors to the Americas were opened Doors to the Americas were opened A ‘New World’ was discovered A ‘New World’ was discovered Bad: Bad: Natives got diseases that killed them Natives got diseases that killed them Natives lost their freedom, customs and pride Natives lost their freedom, customs and pride

Voyages of Exploration Extension

Voyages of Discovery Year Explorer Sponsor Area Explored Various PortugalMadeira, Azores, west- African coast to cape Verde Dias PortugalAfrican coast to Cape of Good Hope 1492 Columbus SpainBahamas, Santo Domingo 1493 Columbus SpainWest Indian Islands Cabot EnglandNewfoundland, Nova Scotia da Gama PortugalCape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean 1498 Columbus SpainTrinidad, Venezuela 1499 Vespucci SpainNortheastern coast of S. America 1500 Cabral PortugalBrazil, Indian Ocean to W. India Columbus SpainCentral American Coast Magellan SpainFirst circumnavigation of globe, Cape Horn, Pacific Ocean 1524 Verrazano FranceAmerican coast from Virginia to Newfoundland 1533, 1534 Cartier FranceQuebec, St. Lawrence River Drake EnglandCircumnavigation of globe, W. coast- of N. and S. America

Voyages of Exploration Extension

ExplorerCountry/year Bart Dias Portugal 1488 VascoDa Gama Portugal 1497 Columbus Spain 1492 (1 st of 4) Amerigo Vespucci Italy 1499 & 1501 Vasco Balboa Spain 1513 Pedro Cabral Portugal 1500 Ferdinand Magellan Spain Cape of Good Hope water route around Africa to India and back thought Asia actually the Americas The Americas Panama Brazil / Amazon River All water route around the world What is the significance of these explorations?

Treaty of Tordesillas Portugal & Spain were arguing over new land Pope drew a line to divide the “Indies” –To keep peace –Line through the Atlantic Ocean East = Portugal West = Spain

Effects of Exploration Good: Doors to the Americas were opened A ‘New World’ was discovered Bad: Natives got diseases that killed them Natives lost freedom, customs & pride

Positive Effects of Exploration A “New World” was discovered Columbian Exchange : exchange of goods b/w Europe & Americas –America never knew of horses, cows, chickens, pigs, sheep, goats, donkeys or oxen –New plants such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, oranges, apples, bananas, coffee –Europe never knew of corn, tomatoes, squash, tobacco, cacao, potatoes

Negative Effects of Exploration Natives got diseases from explorers –Epidemics: smallpox, measles, influenza were foreign to native Americans –75 years after Columbus—population on Hispaniola went from 250,000 to 500 –Helped destroy entire empires—ie: Aztec Empire Natives lost their freedom, customs & pride Slave Trade –Discovery of areas in Africa led to importation of African slaves –Europeans started plantations in America for cultivation...forced natives to be slaves

Negative Effects of Exploration African nations had no stable governments after colonization. –Warlords came in and took over.