Colonization Individual versus National

WhoExplored? Dutch English French Spanish Scandinavian

Why Explore? Effects Competition between nations Desire for wealth Spread of Christianity Destruction of Native American empires French and Indian War Disease Columbian Exchange Good brought from Europe; goods brought back from the Americas Colonies in America established Slavery in America (grows)

Why did Great Britain explore? Colonization Why did Great Britain explore?

Why the British explored… Search for wealth (wealth=power) Mercantilism Earning wealth through trade (GB huge population with few resources, America few people with great resources) Collect resources/raw materials send them to GB for manufacturing turn them into finished goods and resell them to colonies Political Strength Becoming/maintaining world power status Religious freedom Pilgrims/Puritans

MERCANTILISM An economic system based on the belief that a country could only be rich if ________ continually _________into its economy and its government ___________. Great Britain saw the colonies as a source of wealth. They wanted that wealth to flow back to Great Britain. It was always the colonists’ duty to ship most of the gold, silver, or other resources found in the colony back to Great Britain. For about 300 years, most of the natural resources gathered in the Americas were sent to Europe.

Practicing Mercantilism As you view the following pictures, take the point of view of Great Britain and ask this question, “What’s in it for me?”

Remember to think – how can I make money off of this place?

What did the South offer to Great Britain? What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture? Long growing season Fertile, vacant land Sun Access to ports/water Freedom of religion (Maryland) What will the South need more of to meet Great Britain’s demands?

When people think of Southern Plantations they usually think of . . .

Economy of southern colonies Plantations (really big farms) Tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice, Required labor: indentured servants (not slaves) As the demand for cash crops increased (industrial revolution, desire for American tobacco), what happened to the demand for labor? Slave trade developed By 1750 slaves were the main source of labor on southern plantations What is an indentured servant? As demand for cash crops increased, why not just get more indentured servants? (more expensive than slaves) Was the South the only colonial region that used slaves? Explain.

GOING DEEP into the economy of southern colonies Use the following pages in your text book to answer the questions below: pages 58 – 60 , pages 62 and 63, page 74 Other than America, where else were slaves used? Before there were slaves from Africa, who were used as slaves? Were slaves only used in the South? Explain your answer. Why did colonists turn to Africa for slaves? What is the difference between a slave and an indentured servant? http://www.crsd.org/Page/8311

Students Will Be Able To . . . Understand how Great Britain’s demand for raw materials leads to the rise of port cities. Understand how the rise of port cities leads to the demand for skilled laborers. Understand how port cities become a doorway for diversity.

Review of Southern Colonies England saw the long growing season and rich, fertile land of the Southern Colonies and knew it would be a great spot to grow wheat and corn. In order to meet Great Britain’s demand for raw materials, plantations grew. A great amount of labor was needed to work on the plantations. At first Mexicans were used until later, when indentured servants were used because they did not have to be paid. Consequently, everyone in the South owned a plantation and slaves.

Examine the following pictures of topics related to the New England colonies. Based on your previous knowledge identify the pictures and explain their significance.

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Picture of . . . Why it’s important

Picture of the Mayflower It brought Pilgrims to Plymouth (New England Colonies)

Pilgrims on the Mayflower signing the Mayflower Compact Early form of self government

Pilgrim/Puritan Bible represents how they came for religious freedom Gun represents the need for protection and/or hunting for food

Picture of the New England coastline Represents how the soil of New England was rocky so many turned to the sea for a living

Picture of the first Thanksgiving Important because we still celebrate it today Important because it shows evidence of the relationship between the Indians and the New England colonists

Picture of a New England port city Important because it shows the commerce occurring and what else came to a city on the boats from New England

What did the New England colonies offer Great Britain? Ports Timber Whale oil Fisheries Religious freedom (reformation) What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture?

New England Economy Trade Raw materials Whale oil, fish, timber/lumber Natural resources (shipped to GB); manufactured (in GB) and sold back to the colonies Mercantilism Ask students to explain the importance of selling manufactured goods back to the colonies

LABOR NEEDS

LABOR NEEDS Southern colonies have plantations and need slaves Middle Colonies have farming of staple crops and need laborers New England colonies have ports/cities creating a demand for skilled professionals

New England Community Skilled Professionals such as . . . Merchants, fishermen, ship builders, lumberjacks, blacksmiths, printers, weavers Diversity among colonists (home country) Wealth Education Languages Religion

WRAP UP! Based on what you just learned, write down this cause and effect chain and fill in the boxes appropriately. Great Britain wanted from the New England colonies so the colonists had to build for which they needed who added to the of the New England colonies. Great Britain wanted raw goods from the New England colonies so the colonists had to build port cities/ships for which they needed skilled professionals who added to the diversity of the New England colonies.

Look again . . . Trading Ship building Buying and selling Foreigners with new ideas and new knowledge Need for skilled laborers Merchants

New England Community Mayflower - 1620 Mayflower Compact Legal contract that all agreed to have fair law as to protect the general good (of the community) Attempt at self-government (first in colonies)

New England Community Why was there no government for the colonies? What government had they been used to? Where was the King? First to establish local government that included… Court system Representative government (elections)

New England Community Why was there no government for the colonies? What government had they been used to? Where was the King? First to establish local government that included… Court system Representative government (elections)

New England Community Religion and government closely tied together What makes that different from today’s US society? Separation of Church and State Government leaders were also church leaders Where do you think the government leaders found their voters/followers?

Great Migration Religious escape (1620-1640) Puritans Pilgrims Wanting to purify the Church of England Boston, Massachusetts Pilgrims Wanting to separate from the Church of England Plymouth, Massachusetts

New England Community

New England Community If we are going to survive as a community, we must… Be family oriented Have women and children involved Maintain faith in religion Provide education Why is this a need? Read what?

Education John Harvard – 1636 William and Mary College – 1693 Boston, Massachusetts William and Mary College – 1693 Virginia

New England embraced the opportunity to learn from Native Americans Will you teach us how to grow crops? Absolutely, in exchange for resources and finished goods.

Thanksgiving Exchange of information, techniques, tools (Native Americans/Colonists) Celebration of successful harvest Survival of the new colony

What did the Middle colonies offer to Great Britain? Blend of New England and Southern colonies Staple crops Wheat, barley, oats (grains) Trade (beaver pelts) and hunting (deer) Mining (iron, coal) Minimal slave labor Let’s head north to the Middle Colonies. What four colonies made up the middle colonies? How do you think the Middle Colonies got its name “The Bread Basket Colonies”? The Middle Colonies are also known for being the home of the Quakers. What do you know about the Quakers? What does this mean for Great Britain in the big picture?

Middle Colonies Community Quakers Equality of men and women Nonviolence Religious tolerance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ducKaaeVt6E&feature=related

Penn’s Woods: Pennsylvania William Penn Establish a safe home for Quakers Equality of men and women Nonviolence Religious tolerance

Penn’s Woods: Pennsylvania 1681 granted a charter by King Charles II Penn limited his own power Created an elected assembly (representative self-government) Capital: Philadelphia- City of Brotherly Love (Philadelphia Freedom – Elton John) Largest colonial city - 1760 Make the connection between the Quaker philosophy and the fact that William Penn, a Quaker, named the capital “The City of Brotherly Love”