The Eucharist

Sign—Symbol—Reality Sign of Baptism Symbol of Baptism Reality of Holy Baptism

As Applied to the Eucharist Sign of the Eucharist Symbol of the Eucharist Reality of the Eucharist

Origins What is needed to make bread What is needed to make wine Preparation for the first Mass How long that preparation took

Reality of the Eucharist Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity Real Sacrifice of the Lamb of God God’s way of saving humanity Food for the journey home

Biblical Witness Genesis 14:18-20 Exodus 12:1-14 Malachi 2:11 Matthew 26:26-29 Mark 14:22-25 Luke 22:14-20 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 John 6:25-69

Christian History St. Ignatius of Antioch—one diocese+one bishop+one altar+one Eucharist+one community=one communion St. Ambrose—Corpus Christi, Sanguis Christi, Amen St. Cyril of Jerusalem—emphasis on the reality of the Eucharist, throne with the hands

Patristic to Middle Ages Patristic Era (150-600 A.D.)—The Eucharist as the Mystical Body of Christ and the People of God as the Body of Christ Later Middle Ages (1000-1215 A.D.)—The Eucharist is the Real Presence (Real Body of Christ) and the People as the Mystical Body of Christ

Council of Trent (1545-1563) Reformers invented new ways of looking at the Eucharist The Church responded by asserting what it already believed Eucharist as Real Body and Blood of Christ, Holy Sacrifice,

Vatican II Emphasis shifted to the meaning of the word “Eucharist”—thanksgiving Celebration, Sacred Meal which follows the Sacrifice, Source of unity, Belonging to all of the People of God

Four Presences of Christ at Mass The Assembled People of God The Priest who acts In Persona Christi The Scriptures—the Word of God The Eucharist as the Real Body and Blood of Christ

Transubstantiation Trans Sub Stance Substance

Other Theories Consubstantiation Transfiguration Transignification

Wheat Bread and Wine Catholics use unleavened wheat bread Eastern Catholics and Orthodox use leavened wheat bread Wine (fermented grape juice) must be used Any deviation from these elements will make the Mass invalid and illicit

Mass: The Celebration of the Eucharist Liturgy of the Word Readings, Homily, Prayers of the Faithful Liturgy of the Eucharist Offering, Institution Narrative, Completion of the Sacrifice, Distribution of Holy Communion

Words of Institution You are holy indeed, O Lord, the fount of all holiness. Make holy, therefore, these gifts, we pray by sending your Spirit upon them like the dewfall, so that they may become for us the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. At the time he was betrayed and entered willingly into his Passion, he took bread and, giving thank, broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying: TAKE THIS, ALL OF YOU, AND EAT OF IT, FOR THIS IS MY BODY, WHICH WILL BE GIVEN UP FOR YOU.

In a similar way, when supper was ended, he took the chalice and , once more giving thanks, he gave it to his disciples, saying: TAKE THIS, ALL OF YOU, AND DRINK FROM IT, FOR THIS IS THE CHALICE OF MY BLOOD, THE BLOOD OF THE NEW AND ETERNAL COVENANT, WHICH WILL BE POURED OUT FOR YOU AND FOR MANY FOR THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS. DO THIS IN MEMORY OF ME.

Timelessness of the Mass The Mass looks back to the death and resurrection of Jesus The Mass looks forward to the Heavenly Banquet with the Lamb of God The Mass is eternal, without time, and is a participation in the Sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross

GAME TIME DON’T SPEAK OUT ANSWERS! GET INTO YOUR GROUPS! WRITE DOWN EVERYONE’S NAME ON A BLANK SHEET OF PAPER. DON’T SPEAK OUT ANSWERS!

The four presences of Christ at Mass are: Assembled People of God, Priest, Scriptures, Eucharist Assembled People of God, Crucifix, Scriptures, Altar Crucifix, Eucharist, Altar, Music Statues, Bread and Wine, Altar

In the Words of Institution, the priest quotes: Moses King David The Prophet Jeremiah Jesus

Catholics believe that the Eucharist is: The Body, Bones, Breath and Teeth of Jesus The Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus The Blood, Soul, Thought and Words of Jesus The Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Moses

Catholics describe how the elements of the Eucharist change with the following word: Consubstantiation Transfiguration Transignification Transubstantiation

Some Old Testament prophecies are about the Eucharist: It doesn’t talk about anything else. Only in the Book of Philemon. Catholics do believe that. Catholics don’t believe in the Old Testament.

A Mass said with rice cakes and sake would be: Valid and licit. Valid but illicit. Invalid but licit. Invalid and illicit.

The Mass was instituted by: Abraham Saint Paul Jesus Saint Peter

The Eucharist is mentioned in which Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John Matthew, Mark and John Matthew, Thomas, John and Mary Mark, Luke, Thomas and Q

The Mass is a: Holy Sacrifice Celebration of the Eucharist Gathering of Catholics All of the above

The Eucharist has: Signs, symbols, but no reality. Signs, symbols and reality. Reality, but it has no signs or symbols. Symbols, but it has no signs or reality.

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