LITURGY AND THE SACRAMENTS

OFFICIAL PUBLIC COMMUNAL PRAYER Liturgy is the Church’s OFFICIAL PUBLIC COMMUNAL PRAYER (Sacraments, Funerals, Liturgy of the Hours)

OFFICIAL PUBLIC COMMUNAL PRAYER (a spontaneous prayer service is not official) PUBLIC (open to all) COMMUNAL (we worship as a COMMUNITY – equality, solidarity, cooperation) PRAYER (lifting up of our hearts to God)

Liturgical Books Roman Missal Used by the priest at Mass, contains all the prayers of the Mass Lectionary for Mass Contains the readings for Mass, first, second, responsorial psalm and gospel acclamations Book of Gospels Contains only the Gospels Rite of Baptism for children Contains the rituals necessary for baptism. Each sacrament and other blessings and consecrations has a separate book Liturgy of the Hours Readings, hymns and prayers for the seven “hours” of the day. There is a book for each “season” of the year

What is the Paschal Mystery? The work of salvation accomplished by Jesus mainly through his life, Passion, death, Resurrection and Ascension What is the Church? The people of God; the whole membership of the baptized who work in union with each other to participate in God’s work.

Why do we study the Liturgy after our study of the Paschal Mystery and the Church? Our understanding of the paschal mystery and the Church is necessary to our understanding of the importance of the liturgy Why does our study of the sacraments begin with a study of the Liturgy? The sacraments are one part of the liturgy. We must understand the whole idea of the liturgy to then understand any liturgy that is part of the whole

God’s work of salvation in which we are called to participate Liturgy is God’s work of salvation in which we are called to participate Ritual, repeated, meaningful symbols and actions Decreed by Jesus “Do this in Memory of Me”

As a community we are the “Body of Christ”. We are adopted children of God through Jesus and the Holy Spirit

Through Jesus we receive a new law that fulfills the old law, a new covenant that fulfills the old covenant. Through the Holy Spirit we share the grace of God that helps us to live the new law. When we gather for liturgy we celebrate the Paschal mystery (EVERY Sunday celebrates Easter!) and receive the grace of the Spirit. We are called to gather together and participate in liturgy that in turn encourages us to go out and bring the good news to others.

Creation Created in Original Justice Original Sin breaks our relationship God promises to help restore our relationship History Salvation God begins to work for our salvation by setting his plan in motion with Abraham His plan continues through Moses and the Law, David and prophets Redemption Through His life, passion, death, resurrection and ascension (Paschal mystery) Jesus restores our relationship with God The Church with the help of the Holy Spirit continues the work of salvation. Liturgy The Liturgy is the way we participate in God’s work of salvation

Where does our Liturgy come from? Christ is its origin Scripture and Tradition give us the essential elements of Liturgy Transmit the Word of God Form a single deposit of faith The beliefs handed down from the time of the Apostles that makes clear the truths that cannot be laid aside since they are part of God’s revelation. The Magisterium (pope + bishops), with the guidance of the Holy Spirit, is responsible for interpreting the deposit of faith

The traditions that have influenced the Liturgy are customs, things we do because they are part of our history and culture Washing hands, the direction the priest faces, etc. Essential elements are kept where traditional elements may be kept, modified or eliminated with the guidance of the Magisterium

Tradition from the word meaning to “hand on or give over”. Our liturgy has been handed on to us by Jesus “took bread, said the blessing, broke it and giving it to the Apostles said “take and eat, this is my body…do this in memory of Me” “I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus, on the night he was arrested, took bread….

Liturgy is Trinitarian The Trinity is at work in the Church’s Liturgy- Father, Son, & Holy Spirit Trinity is the central mystery of the Christian faith Begins with “In the name of the Father…” Ends with a blessing of the Holy Trinity Each person is involved in the Church’s Liturgy Father is the source of all blessings of creation and salvation Jesus who became incarnate to redeem us is central in the Liturgy Christ’s gift of himself is made present to us by the power of the Holy Spirit

The Rublev Icon Andrei Rublev, 1425 Icon image or representation used for prayer in Eastern worship

Liturgy is the prayer of the Church, in heaven, on Earth and in Purgatory We are connected to all of those outside of time and space, Mary, angels, saints, etc. Communion of Saints: Heaven Earth Purgatory People on Earth pray for those in Purgatory, who get to Heaven, and then pray for those on Earth!

“Through Christ Our Lord” We are united with the Trinity because God the Father saves us through the actions of God, the Son, and we are able to live as Christ with the help of God, the Holy Spirit. Christ is present in all liturgy In the ordained minister who acts in the person of Jesus. In the assembly of people, as the “Body of Christ” In the Scripture, the “Word of God” that is an essential element of every liturgy In the Eucharist, in a special way, Jesus is truly present in Body and Blood

“In the Unity of the Holy Spirit” Prepares us to encounter Jesus Helps the assembly to see Jesus Presence within itself, in the Scripture and in the sacramental actions Transforms the bread and wine into the Body and Blood, the real presence, of Jesus, making Christ’s saving work present and active, here and now. The Holy Spirit helps us to take the message of God’s love to all whom we meet.

Trinitarian Doxology Through Him, with Him, in Him, In the unity of the Holy Spirit, all glory and honor is yours, almighty Father, forever and ever. Amen.

Liturgical Calendar Celebrates the whole of the Paschal Mystery, from the Incarnation to Pentecost Purple Waiting, penance White/Gold Joy Green Hope

Advent: Begins the Liturgical year a time of preparation, 4 weeks (22-28 days) before Christmas To celebrate the birth of God made flesh To celebrate Jesus coming into our own hearts To prepare for the final coming of Jesus Christmas: Begins on Dec. 25th and ends with the Solemnity of the Baptism of Jesus (3rd Sunday after Christmas) Includes Epiphany (aka Little Christmas/Three Kings Day) on the 12th day of Christmas (revelation to the Gentiles) Also includes Feast of the Holy Innocents (12/28 – infants massacred by Herod), Feast of the Holy Family, and Feast of Mary, Mother of God (1/1)

Ordinary Time I and II: Numbered with ordinal numbers. Two sections in the year, 1st between Christmas to Lent 2nd between Pentecost to Advent.

Lent: Based on Jesus fasting 40 days in desert Begins on Ash Wednesday (46 calendar days, Sundays don’t count) Encouraged to fast, pray and give alms Focus on what Jesus did for us Easter Triduum Three Days when we remember in the most intense way the suffering and death of Jesus Begins the evening of Thursday and ends Sunday evening (in the Jewish tradition) Holy Thursday: Mass of the Lord’s Supper Good Friday: Reflect on Passion narrative, venerate the Cross Easter Sunday: Easter Vigil on Saturday evening- great celebration with candles, fire, water and the welcoming of new members

Easter Season: Begins on Easter Sunday and continues to Pentecost Sunday, 50 days later. Coincides with spring (goddess Estre, goddess of Spring) Liturgy speaks of new life Centers on the hope of our new life, an everlasting life. 40 days after Easter: Ascension Thursday: Jesus ascended back into heaven. 50 days after Easter: season ends with Pentecost, the Church is revealed and we, like the apostles, are sent forth to carry out Jesus’ mission to the world

Liturgical Rites & Traditions Roman Catholic Church (1) Eastern Catholic Churches (21) Latin Rites Roman Rite*** Ambrosian Rite Mozarabic Rite Bragan Rite Dominican Rite Carmelite Rite Carthusian Rite Eastern Rite Antiochene Rite Chaldean Rite Byzantine Rite Alexandrian( Coptic, Ethiopian) Rite Armenian Rite Follows its own ancient traditions, has its own Bishops and different liturgical language and liturgical customs United under the leadership of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope They either chose to remain united with the Roman church at the time of the Schism (1054 AD) or reunited with it later.

1054: The Church is Split – Catholic and Orthodox Filiaque (“and the Son”) Debate Other issues Catholic Church says the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, reasoning that if the Spirit only came from the Father, there seem to be two sons. Catholic Church was OK with Orthodox not having these words, Orthodox insisted they be removed from Creed. Iconoclasm debate had upset Catholics. Also, Catholics had a leadership model of one pope leading all, while Orthodox had a conciliar model, led by Patriarchs. (Stemming from 5 Patriarchs in the Roman Empire – the empire split, 4 in the East, only Rome in the West.)

Celebrating the Liturgy All Liturgical celebrations are the same because Jesus is present in the same way whether a large or small group, a renown celebrant or a local priest, music or silent. Tips for celebrating the Liturgy Be there, physically, mentally and spiritually Ask the Holy Spirit for help to fully participate Listen and participate in the prayers Listen to the readings and let them affect you

Fervently pray during the Prayer of the Faithful If there is singing, join in, singing hymns is like praying twice according to St. Augustine Respond during the liturgy with your heart as well as your mouth Use your whole body in prayer Receive Communion with reverence, you are holding the real body of Christ When you leave Mass, obey the command to “Go forth” and bring the good news out to the world with you.

Structure of Liturgy Introductory Rites Greeting Opening prayer Liturgy of the Word Readings Celebration of Sacrament Essential elements Liturgy of the Eucharist Consecration and reception of Eucharist Concluding Rites Blessing Dismissal

sACRAMENTS A symbol points to another reality. Sacraments are effective signs, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, to give grace. In other words, they do not merely remind us or represent another reality: they make that reality come true. A stop sign doesn’t ACTUALLY stop your car. Baptism symbolizes AND creates new life. The Eucharist symbolizes AND brings becomes the body and blood of Christ.

Sacraments and Mysteries We are used to murder mysteries, so when we heard the word mystery, we think of something we need to solve. In the Greek church, the word for sacrament means mystery. We can never SOLVE a mystery, but we can contemplate it to further understand it

To receive a sacrament, one needs the required disposition. (i. e To receive a sacrament, one needs the required disposition. (i.e. to be forgiven in Reconciliation, one must feel sorry for their sins, intend to do better in the future) Sacraments DO NOT depend on the holiness of the priest or the recipient – they are a gift from God’s goodness.

Prayer Prayer can be communal or private Types of prater: Blessing/praise/adoration: blessing God; acknowledging God’s greatness Thanksgiving Petition/contrition: pray for our needs, especially forgiveness Intercession: pray for the needs of others

Advent The four-week liturgical season during which Christians prepare themselves for the celebration of Christmas.   Christmas The feast day on which Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus; also refers to the liturgical season that immediately follows this day. Eastern Catholic Churches The twenty-one Churches of the East, with their own theological, liturgical, and administrative traditions, in union with the universal Catholic Church and her head, the Bishop of Rome. Epiphany A feast day celebrating the visit of the Magi to the infant Jesus and the revelation of the Savior to the Gentiles. Originally celebrated on the twelfth day of Christmas (January 6), Epiphany is now celebrated on the Sunday between January 2 and January 8. icon From a Greek word meaning “to resemble”; a pictorial representation or image of a religious figure or event typically painted on a wooden panel and used in the prayer and worship of Eastern Christians. Lent Traditionally, the span of forty days (excepting Sundays) between Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday. In the official Church calendar, it begins with Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Thursday evening with the celebration of the Mass of the Lord’s Supper. It is followed by the Triduum, the three days of the Lord’s Passion, death, and Resurrection. It is the season during which believers focus on conversion, turning toward God more completely in their lives.

  liminal Of, relating to, or being an intermediate state, phase, or condition. This type of experience is one of being between one significant moment and another; a threshold experience; for example, the time of engagement before marriage. Liturgical year The Church’s annual cycle of religious feasts and seasons that forms the context for the Church’s worship. During it, we remember and celebrate God the Father’s saving plan as it is revealed through the life of his Son, Jesus Christ. liturgy The Church’s official, public, communal prayer. It is God’s work, in which the People of God participate. The Church’s most important liturgy is the Eucharist, or the Mass. Magisterium The Church’s living teaching office, which consists of all the bishops, in communion with the Pope. Ordinary Time The time in the liturgical year that is not part of a special season like Advent, Christmas, Lent, or Easter. Paschal Mystery The work of salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ mainly through his life, Passion, death, Resurrection, and Ascension.

Passover The night the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites marked by the blood of the lamb, and spared the firstborn sons from death. It also is the feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People from bondage in Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land.   Pentecost The biblical event following the Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus at which the Holy Spirit was poured out on his disciples; in the Christian liturgical year, the feast fifty days after Easter on which the biblical event of Pentecost is recalled and celebrated. ritual The established form of the words and actions for a ceremony that is repeated often. The actions often have a symbolic meaning. Tradition This word (from the Latin, meaning “to hand on”) refers to the process of passing on the Gospel message. This began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the Apostles, was written down in the Scriptures, is handed down and lived out in the life of the Church, and is interpreted by the Magisterium under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Triduum The three days of the liturgical year that begin with the Mass of the Lord’s Supper on Holy Thursday and end with Evening Prayer on Easter Sunday. Trinity From the Latin trinus, meaning “threefold,” referring to the central mystery of the Christian faith that God exists as a communion of three distinct and interrelated Divine Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This doctrine is a mystery that is inaccessible to human reason alone and is known through Divine Revelation only. World Youth Day Instituted by Pope John Paul II in 1985, World Youth Days are convocations of youth held in Rome and in several cities around the world to celebrate and encourage the participation of youth in the life of the Church.