Dr. Ann T. Orlando April 25, 2013

 Ancient Greek liturgy  Ancient Christian liturgy  Role of the wealthy  Assignments  NB See Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Vol. IV, Gerhard Kittel pp

 Literally, “the work of the people”  In addition to taxes, wealthy individuals were required to fund civic building functions and other services ◦ Same will be true in Roman society  In popular usage takes general meaning of any service rendered because of one’s office or position to another ◦ Slave to master (Aristotle) ◦ Family members to each other

 Used only as a type of service owed to God  In particular service of a priestly type as part of a ritual  If service to others is implied, diakonos or a similar term is used  No use of general type of service, such as used in ancient Greece ◦ Implication is that LXX authors/translators wanted an exclusive term for priestly ministry  The people receive the benefits of the service, which can only be offered in sacrifice to God by the priest ◦ Benefit of God’s care ◦ Priest also includes peoples individual sacrifices and offerings as part of the leitourgia  See Ex Nu 25; Ez 40-46

 Leitourgia and derivatives are used only 15 times in NT  Hebrews has most frequent use (6 times) ◦ Emphasis on Priesthood of Jesus Christ ◦ Emphasis on sacrifice of Jesus ◦ See Heb 1:14; 8:6; 9:21; 10:11 for examples  Paul uses it 3 times ◦ Rom 15:27; 2 Cor. 9:12; Phil 2:17 ◦ Rom 15:27 and 2 Cor 9:12 both refer to collecting money as a “service” for the Church in Jerusalem  Luke/Acts ◦ In Luke (1:23) as prayer or ministry in the Temple ◦ In Acts 13:2 as gathering of Christians to pray

 Leitourgia is used in Didache to describe Eucharistic meal (15)  Justin Martyr, First Apology, 61, 65 ◦ Description of Sunday Christian gathering and worship ◦ Note collection from wealthy to be given to the Church for distribution to poor by deacons

 One of two main liturgies in Greek Church ◦ Other is Liturgy of St. Basil the Great  Probably was written by John Chrysostom ◦ Adaptation form older Syriac Eucharistic prayers ◦ Special Trinitarian emphasis, counter to Eunomians  John was especially known for his preaching during the liturgy ◦ May have been the first bishop not to preach from his chair (cathedra) in the apse, but from the ambo ◦ John had a weak voice and wanted to make sure all could hear him ◦ Has become the practice ever since (East and West)

 A lengthy series of Homilies, probably written early during his tenure as Patriarch of Constantinople  Fathers focused on Matthew and John ◦ Matthew and John understood to be direct disciples of Jesus ◦ Luke a disciple of Paul ◦ Mark, a disciple of Peter, seen as derivative of Matthew  This tradition maintained in Church until liturgical revisions after Vatican II, into year A, B, C cycles ◦ Almost all readings taken from Matthew or John (Cycle A) ◦ Of course, we still read John exclusively for Holy Week

 John Chrysostom, Homily 50 on Mt 14:23-24 available at tm tm  Brown, Through the Eye of the Needle, Conclusion  Compendium of Catholic Social Doctrine,  Write short paper: Daniel