I. North v. South  Malaria, dysentery, typhoid took 10 years off Southern lifespan - 50 years  NE settlers added 10 years to their life – 70 yr. life span; “grandparents.”

Family life  South - 6x as many men; lots of teen pregnancy  North – stable families, divorce only for abandonment or adultery, Scarlett Letter and the city on the hill

economics  South – first families/tutors, headright system – 50 acres to bring someone here, tobacco overproduction  North – more equality, farming and something else, public ed, 50% literacy and Harvard

review  Name top 3 diseases.  Contrast Life expectancy in North and South.  Contrast family structure in North and South.  What was the headright system?  Contrast economic and education system in North and South

II. Struggling servants  Land became more scarce and harder to acquire for freemen.  Gov. Berkeley took away franchise and made land promises to Natives.

Bacon’s rebellion  When Gov. Berkeley wouldn’t retaliate for frontier attacks, Bacon and his followers did  Bacon, a 29 year old planter, led “the rabble” in burning Jamestown and chasing Berkeley out.

What to do?  Bacon died ended, 20 hung; Planters feared frontiersmen, needed an easier to control labor force.  1680s rising wages in England ==more black than white arrivals

review  What was getting harder for freemen?  What did Gov. Berkeley do that angered freemen?  Who led the rebellion?  What conclusion was reached?

III. slavery  10 million came over 300 years; 400,000 to N. America  Triangular /transatlantic trade – Europe Africa Americas; slaves came on Middle Passage; North involved (RI)

New slave trade  10,000 slaves brought ; half Va population 1750, 2/3 SC population  More slaves==less assimilation; smaller numbers == more assimilation

Quality of slave life  Only imports could replace slaves on rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina.  Closer together Tobacco plantations allowed family life, natural reproduction.

Slave culture  Mixed African/American language, music, religion  Slave rebellions –NY; Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, 1739, attempt to march to Florida - not as serious as Bacon’s Rebellion.

review  How many slaves?  What’s the triangular trade and the Middle Passage?  How did the number of slaves impact culture?  How did slaves impact society?  What slave rebellions were there?

IV. Halfway covenant, Salem witch trials  Jeremiad – angry sermons concerning whether the next generation of Puritans was devout enough.  Number of conversions declining

½ way Covenant  Halfway Covenant gave partial church membership to the young.  Weakens distinction between elect and others; eventually ended it, and women became church majority

Salem witch trials  1693 Salem 19 hung 1 pressed; younger girls accused older women.  Hysteria ended when governor’s wife was accused; role of economics?

review  What was the concern about the next generation?  What was a jeremiad?  What was the Halfway Covenant?  What was its effect?  Who accused whom in Salem?  How did the hysteria end?

I. 13 colonies  There were 32 colonies; Population doubling every 25 years.  Biggest Colonies: Va, Mass, PA, NC, MD; Cities: Philly, NY, Boston, Charleston

Immigrant groups  Germans/Lutherans in Pennsylvania – 1/3 of pop.; kept customs  Scotch-Irish left Scotland, failed in Ireland, came to PA, squatted west then came South.

diversity  20% African-American; mostly English in NE, over half non-English in middle colonies  Crevocoeur: “What then is the American, this new man?” – Fr. Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scots Highlanders

review  How many colonies?  Biggest colony?  Biggest city?  What were top 3 foreign groups?  What other groups?  Where was the most and least diversity?