U.S. History Unit 9: The End of the Cold War to Today The Big Idea With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Cold War ended and the U.S. was seen as the world’s lone superpower. But on September 11, 2001 terrorists struck the U.S. bringing new fear and war.

I President Jimmy Carter A. Cold War – calm but still exists B. Troubles with Iran 1. Iranian Islamic Revolution a) Iran becomes isolated b) cuts off oil exports c) Gas prices in U.S. U.S. economy d) American Embassy in Iran under attack e) 52 US hostages taken f) Carter unable to solve crisis g) Carter very unpopular

II President Ronald Reagan – Conservative A. Reagan - Very Popular President 1. “The Great Communicator” 2. “Reaganomics” a) Cut Taxes – mostly for wealthy b) trickle-down theory

III. Reagan’s Plan to End the Cold War A – Pres. Reagan is re-elected 1) Largest landslide victory in U.S. history B Olympics 1) Los Angeles host – boycotted by USSR

C. Late 1980’s -- U.S. Winning the Cold War 1) USSR economy, U.S. economy 2) Pres. Reagan’s military spending a) 1980 – $150 billion b) 1988 – $300 billion 3)USSR couldn’t keep up w/spending 4)U.S. fell into debt a)1980 – $80 billion in debt b)1990 – $220 billion

D. Reagan and USSR Leader Mikhail Gorbachev 1) First positive relations b/t USSR and U.S. leaders 2) Gorbachev agrees to allow some freedom a) glasnost – some political freedom b) perestroika – some economic freedom

IV – Pres. George H.W. Bush - the Fall of USSR A. Communism falls across E.Europe 1) 1989 –Poland, Czech, Romania, etc rebel, democratic hold elections 2)Leader of E. Ger allows E. Berliners to move to W. Berlin 3) Berlin Wall is torn down 4)1990 – E and W Ger unify = dem gov’t 5) 1991 – USSR Republics hold elections, become independent 6)USSR no longer exists – Cold War Ends

V Pres. H.W. Bush – Persian Gulf War A. Iraq attacks Kuwait B. “Operation Desert Storm” 1. Goal: to remove Iraq from Kuwait 2. total casualties: U.S. = 148, Iraq= 20,000 Saddam Hussein

VI – Pres. Bill Clinton – Success and Scandal A. “Pax Americana” – peace and prosperity 1. Thriving Economy 2. Balanced U.S. Budget 3. Stock Market Success STOCK MARKET FEDERAL DEFICIT

B. Pres Clinton Impeachment Scandal 1) 1998 – Clinton impeached by Congress for lying under oath, obstruction of justice 2) intense polarization and partisanship 3) not forced out of office

The Clinton Legacy

VII Presidential Election A. George W. Bush vs. Al Gore 1. Gore wins popular vote 2. Florida is disputed 3. Supreme Ct - Bush wins Florida by 537 votes 4. Bush wins electoral vote Electoral VotePopular Vote Bush27150,456,169 Gore26650,996,116

VIII. The War in Iraq A. How did it start? 1. September 11, 2001 = fear a) The War on Terrorism begins b) War in Afghanistan – Taliban provided safe harbor for Al-Queda + Osama Bin Laden c) Iraq is suspicious - possible Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s) in Iraq? - are the United Nations WMD inspections in Iraq reliable? - Saddam Hussein can’t be trusted

– The war begins a) “Shock and Awe” b) Dec Saddam Hussein captured “like a rat in a hole” 3. April “Mission Accomplished” a) Except - No WMDs? No stable gov’t?

4. Mission Accomplished? a) Civil War 1. Iraq’s Islamic Ethnic Groups fighting for control of country - “The Triangle of Death” - Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds - Sunnis had the power under Saddam - Shiites want the power now 2. Guerilla Warfare, IED’s b) Iraq’s new democracy struggled to provide order and security c) Iraqi soldiers targeted, uncommitted

d) Increased American Frustration –Still no WMD’s? –Americans Killed = 4,279 – - Abu-Ghraib Prison Torture Scandal –Bush’s approval rating=under 30% –New Plan: Troop surge to secure Baghdad e) What about other threats? -- Iran? North Korea? Venezuela? Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Iran Kim Jong Il in North Korea

f) When will it end? - When Iraqi gov’t achieves democratic stability without the need for U.S. troops