Afghanistan

Afghanistan: Asia

Bordering Countries

Notes Geography of Afghanistan  Continent of Asia  Region of Central – South Asia  Borders with:  Iran  Turkmenistan  Uzbekistan  Tajikistan  Pakistan  Landscape: rugged, mountains, dry

Opium Poppy

Opium Poppy Production

Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle

World Opium Trade Routes

Increased Production in Afghanistan

Opium Growing in Afghanistan

Notes Opium Production and Trade  Major Producers  Golden Crescent  Golden Triangle  Latin America  Roots to U.S.  direct from Mexico / Columbia  via Caribbean  via “Nigerian Connection”

Notes Brief history timelines of modern Afghanistan  1980 – 1989:  Soviet Invasion / Occupation  U.S. funds and supplies Mujahedeen rebels  1989 – 1996:  Civil War  1996:  Taliban seizes control  support for Al-Qaida (Osama bin Laden)  1998:  bin Laden blamed for U.S. Embassy bombings  2001:  9/11 attacks (Al-Qaida and bin Laden)  U.S. invasion

NATO Occupation

The Sides of the War Communists  North Vietnam military  NLF (Viet Cong) Capitalists  South Vietnam military  U.S. military

1954: North Vietnam  Ho Chi Minh  Communist  supporting NLF in South

1954: South Vietnam  President: Ngo Dinh Diem  Capitalist  supported by U.S.  struggling against NLF (Vietcong)

1961: USAF Bombings & U.S. military “advisors”  U.S. President Kennedy sends military advisors to South Vietnam  U.S. supports President Diem against NLF  U.S. begins bombing North Vietnam

1963: Diem Assassinated  Diem very unpopular  NLF growing stronger  CIA supports murder of Diem  U.S. replaced Diem with President Theiu

1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident  U.S. in navy battle against North Vietnamese torpedo boats  U.S. Congress passes Gulf of Tonkin resolution

1968: Tet Offensive  surprise attacks by NLF and North Vietnamese against U.S.

Video Clip

1968: My Lai Massacre  U.S. troops kill 500 civilians  many of the massacred were women and children  many women raped, then shot

1968: Chicago Anti-war Protest  protestors in Lincoln Park during convention  Chicago Police Dept. used force to remove protestors  The Chicago 8 on trial for conspiracy

1970: Cambodia / Laos  U.S. President Nixon claims withdrawal of U.S. troops  U.S. invades and bombs Cambodia and Laos

1970: Kent State Shootings  Ohio National Guard fires on unarmed student protestors

1973: U.S. Withdrawal  U.S. begins troop withdrawal from Vietnam  over 50,000 U.S. troops dead, 300,000 wounded  about 5 million Vietnamese dead

1975: Fall of Saigon  NLF and North Vietnamese seize Saigon  South Vietnamese surrender  Last Americans evacuate

Video Clip Conclusion

South Bronx, 1970s  End of Vietnam War  Heroin (15% of vets came back as addicts)  Gang Violence  Economic recession  Arsons

South Bronx, 1970s

Hip Hop Musical Influences  Jamaica Music Scene:  Yard Parties  DJ battles  Reggae  Dub  American Music Scene:  Soul  Funk  Disco

DJ Kool Herc  Jamaican immigrant family  DJ for back to school parties in 1520 Sedgwick Rec. Room  Isolated and extended “the break” using 2 turn-tables with the same record

DJ Kool Herc

Afrika Bambaataa  1 st combined 4 elements of Hip Hop  founded Zulu Nation, a cultural and political “crew” that included:  b-boys / b-girls,  graffiti artists,  DJs and  MCs

Afrika Bambataa

Grandmaster Flash  added “scratching”  furthered presence of MCs  moved Hip Hop out of South Bronx  MC Cowboy Wiggins starts terms “Hip Hop”

Grandmaster Flash

the 4 Elements  DJing (Deejay)  MCing (emcee)  Break-dancing (breakers, b-boys, b-girls)  Graffiti (tags, bombing, burners)

Break-dancing

Rock Steady Crew

Graffiti