Into a New Century Chapter 29

Learning Targets Students will explain the development of technology and the impact these changes had on the United States Students will explain the domestic and foreign policies of President Clinton Students will explain the impeachment process and how that process applied to Clinton

The Technological Revolution Rise of the Compact Computer  ENIAC – world’s first electronic digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house  1959 First integrated circuit – complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon  Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley  1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

The Technological Revolution Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I IBM competed with the “PC” Apple introduced the MacIntosh using a simple operating system Bill gates co-founded Microsoft which produced PC software By 1990s people could telecommute – work from home via computers

The Technological Revolution Internet  System by which computers could communicate with each other  ARPANET – origin of Internet; system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense  Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers  New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

The Technological Revolution Breakthroughs in Biotechnology  The managing of biological systems to improve human life  Made possible by computers  1953 James Watson and Francis Clark deciphered structure of DNA  Human Genome Project – mapping of the human DNA

The Clinton Years Raised taxes – cut spending Hillary Clinton  Put in charge of healthcare reform  Produced complicated plan that failed to generate support Family and Education  Medical Leave Act – allowed up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave  AmeriCorps Program – put students to work in community service

The Clinton Years Republicans Regain Control of Congress  Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes  Many changes defeated in Senate or vetoed by President  Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down  Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

The Clinton Years Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole Impeachment  Whitewater  Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr  1998 Congress impeached Clinton on two charges: Perjury and Obstruction of Justice  Senate voted to acquit on first charge and on second charge  Two-thirds needed to convict  Vote was along party lines

The Clinton Years The Haitian Intervention  Haitian President Aristide overthrown  Clinton ordered US invasion to restore order Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo  Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area  UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens  NATO bombed Serbia

The Clinton Years The Middle East  Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton  The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people  Attempts to work out an Israeli withdrawal from occupied lands failed

An Interdependent World US experiencing trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought less from US Increasing trade was major US concern North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico European Union (EU) – free trade bloc between European member nations competed w/US Euro – EU nations established a common currency

An Interdependent World World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes Nuclear Proliferation  The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations  US against other nations obtaining nuclear weapons Global Warming  An increase in global temperatures over time  Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity  Kyoto Protocol – several nations signed promising to reduce emissions (US did not sign)

America Enters a New Century Election of 2000  Democratic – VP Al Gore  Republican – George W. Bush  Green Party – Ralph Nader  Close vote required recount – electoral votes of Florida needed to win  Recount not finished by deadline  Florida declared Bush winner Vote counter looking at “chads”

America Enters a New Century Bush v. Gore  Gore protested recount – Florida Supreme Court began hand recount  US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause  Ruling left Bush the winner

America Enters a New Century President Bush  Wanted to cut taxes to boost economy (passed)  Wanted school vouchers (defeated)  Wanted standardized testing in public schools (passed)  Wanted increased military spending  Wanted to develop anti-missile system called Strategic Defense Initiative

The War on Terrorism 9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda  Believed superpowers could be beaten  Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate  Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia  Believed Western ideas contaminated Islam

The War on Terrorism Terror Attacks  1993 First bombing of the World Trade Center  1995 Bombed US military barracks in Saudi Arabia  1998 Bombed US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania  1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle  2000 Suicide boat attack on USS Cole in Yemen

The War on Terrorism Actions Taken After 9-11  Bush declared national emergency  Investigators identified Osama Bin Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers  Began deploying military to Middle East  Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden  Announced US would no longer tolerate states that assisted terror

The War on Terrorism  Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters  Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping  Department of Homeland Security established  Anthrax attacks on government officials by suspected domestic terrorists

The War on Terrorism  US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance  US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed  US troops still in-country hunting Taliban fighters

The War on Terrorism 2003 Iraq War  Bush afraid AL-Qaeda would get hold of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – weapons that could kill thousands of people in one attack  Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD  Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons  Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq