10-1 Vocabulary Productivity Measurement of the amount of work accomplished in a given time Human Resources Supply of people who can produce goods Textiles Woven cloth Cottage Industry Home or village based industry in which family members supply their own equipment to make goods Union Labor organization that negotiates for improved worker conditions and pay

10-1 Vocabulary Strike Refusal to work, usually by a labor organization, until demands are met Imperialism System of building foreign empires for military and trade advantages Alliances Political agreement between countries to support each other in disputes with other countries Communism Economic, political, and social system based on the teachings of Karl Marx, which advocated the elimination of private property

10-1 Vocabulary Holocaust Systematic murder by Adolf Hitler and his followers of more than 12 million people, including 6 million European Jews, during WWII Genocide Mass murder of people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture

10-2 Vocabulary Cold War Conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union dating from the late 1940s to the late 1980s, when the two superpowers competed for world influence without declared military action at each other Nuclear Weapon Weapon whose destructive power comes from an uncontrolled nuclear reaction Deterrence Maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging an attack Satellite Nation Nation politically and economically dominated or controlled by another more powerful country

10-2 Vocabulary Blockade To forcibly prevent entry into an area Airlift System of carrying supplies by aircraft Glasnost Russian policy of “openness” which permitted Soviet people to criticize the government without punishment Perestroika Soviet policy that loosened government controls and permitted its economy to move towards capitalism Capitalism Economic system that allows private ownership and open competition of businesses

Chapter 5 Notes The Modern Era I. A Rapidly Changing World A.In the 1700’s the “____________ Revolution” began and allowed people to use machinery and new methods to increase productivity. B.The “Industrial Revolution” happened as a result of Britain’s large supply of natural resources, raw materials, and _______________. C. _____________ were the first major industry. II. Changing Lifestyles A.Industrial workers worked long hours and in _________ conditions. B.Workers then formed _________ that bargained for better conditions. C.The Industrial Revolution resulted in __________ living conditions and stronger economies for countries. Industrial human resources Textiles dangerous unions better

III. Rivalry Between Nations A.Under _____________, European countries claimed colonies in Asia and Africa in the late 1800’s B. __________ broke out in Europe in 1914 and as a result many once-strong countries became weak. The U.S. and Japan became great powers. C.In 1917, the Russian __________ led to the system of communism. D.In the 1930’s, worldwide depression and problems that were not solved led to _________. E. After WWII, the Soviet Union and ____ emerged as world powers. Chapter 5 (A Continent Divided) I. The Cold War A.The global competition between democratic U.S. and Communist Soviet Union to spread its ideas was known as the _____________. imperialism WWI Revolution WWII U.S. Cold War

B.Both sides had a large amount of ___________ weapons. C.The U.S. lent money to help rebuild Europe, and to stop the spread of communism (___________ Plan). II. West European Nations Cooperate A.In 1948, the ___________ Doctrine offered military aid to those who were fighting communism inside their borders. B.In 1949, __________ was formed to respond to possible attacks by the Soviet Union. All agreed to help one another if attacked. III. The Soviet Community A.In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union made ___________ nations of these countries. B.In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its satellites into an alliance known as the ___________ Pact. nuclear satellite Truman NATO Marshall Warsaw

IV. A Clash Between the Superpowers A.In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded, closed off _________ which created much tension. B.Two separate governments were also set up in Germany, W. Germany (____________) and E. Germany (_____________) C.The city of Berlin was divided by two which the Soviet Union created the __________ Wall to prevent people from leaving E. Berlin. V. The End of the Cold War A.In 1985, Mikhail ____________, introduce reforms to stimulate the economy. B.In the late 1980’s the Soviet Union moved towards capitalism and ______________ and as a result their satellites became independent. Berlin democraticcommunist Berlin Gorbachev democracy

Chapter 5 Notes (Moving Toward Unity) I. The End of the Soviet Union A.Protests in E. Germany led to the Berlin Wall coming down and the _______________ of Germany in B.In 1991, Soviet Union ________ up into 15 new countries. II. The New Europe A.Today, _________ is becoming an economic power. B.Some Europeans would like to see the European ____________ become the United States of Europe. C.In 2002, most of the EU’s members use the same currency, the __________. D.Some of the ___________ that the EU is trying to solve is the income gap, population growth, and environmental issues. reunification broke Europe Union Euro problems