Academician Dragoljub Mirjanić SOLAR ENERGY AS A BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DANUBE REGION COUNTRIES

Energy as a milestone in the development of civilization is included in all important documents of the European Union that address economic development, energy efficiency, reducing poverty of population as well as environmental issues. According to the European Union’s Strategy, by the year 2020 a share of renewable source in total production of energy will have to be 20%.

 Our main purpose is to continue with exploring pre-existing condition of renewable energy sources, promoting and exchanging the experiences between the Danube countries.  Renewable energy sources are important and inexhaustible resource, that have direct influence on the economical development, as well as influence on ecological situation in individual countries.

 Program ”20% - 20% - 20%” is among the main goals set by integrated EU policies and it implies a decrease of electricity consumption by 20% by 2020, reduction of GHG by 20% and increase of share of renewable energy sources by 20%, all by the year  In that way, it should be worked on providing answers to the question of cost-efficiency of using renewable energy sources for generation of electricity in Danube region.

 Photovoltaic solar plants contribute to more efficient use of a country’s own potentials in the production of electricity, help reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, decrease of import and use of fossil fuels, development of local industry and creation of new jobs.

 According to the so-called Alternative scenario (APS,IAE 2007,World Energy Outlook) a share of renewable energy sources is assumed to increase by 20% looking in the period from 2003 to 2030, which especially relates to a share of solar energy as a renewable energy form.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina has a significant potential for use of the energy of the Sun, with the quantity of that energy, in the north of B&H, per square meter of horizontal surface, amounting to 1240 kWh, and in the South to about 2360 kWh of energy.  The operating cost of renewable energy sources, compared to conventional energy sources, is significantly lower and more favorable, especially from ecological point of view. Therefore, these energy sources, and especially the solar energy, may serve as a model for sustainable development of the Danube region.

Comparison of solar irirradiation on horizontal, vertical and optimally inclined plane, optimal inclination and ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation for some locations in Europe and some cities in Republic of Srpska where solar thermal power plants are installed:Location Solar irradiation on horizontal plane (Wh/m 2 /year) Solar irradiation on vertical plane (Wh/m 2 /year) Solar irradiation on optimally inclined plane (Wh/m 2 /year) Optimal inclination (deg.) Ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation Sanlúcar la Mayor, Spain ,36 Puertollano, Spain ,37 Alvarado, Spain ,37 Priolo Gargallo, Italy ,36 Ghisonaccia, France ,40 Targassonne, France ,40 Jülich, Germany ,59 Novi Grad, Republic of Srpska ,50 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska ,50 Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska ,45 Višegrad, Republic of Srpska ,46 Trebinje, Republic of Srpska ,41

 Our main intention is promotion, understanding and use of solar energy in Danube region, with cooperation of prestigious research institutions, as well as preparation of the environment for its potentially broader use and development.

Several research projects has been implemented:  INFLUENCE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR ENERGY ON ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE WESTERN BALKAN REGION, UNESCO Participation Programme  Renewable energy sources as a model of sustainable development of the countries of West Balkans, UNESCO Participation Programme  Contemporary materials for renewable energy sources, scientific and technological cooperation between BiH and Slovenia,  Examination of energy efficiency of PV solar plant of 2 kWp in Republic of Srpska, Ministry of Sciences and Technology of Republic of Srpska, PREVIOUS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

 Nanotechnological materials for technical application and biomedicine, Ministry of Sciences and Technology of Republic of Srpska,  Contemporary materials for renewable energy sources and biomedicine, Ministry of Sciences and Technology of Republic of Srpska,  Renewable energy sources – wind energy potential in the Republic of Srpska, RS Ministry of Science and Technology,  Development and study of heat and hybrid collector with sun light concentrator, EE B, 2007–2008, MNRS.  Development and application of photovoltaic solar systems as sources of light in individual housing units, EE541-4B, 2006, MNRS.  Potential and efficiency of renewable energy sources, Ministry of civil Affairs of BiH, Joint Cooperation Programme 2012/2013.

Weather Stations, Wireless console station, software for windows with usb data loger Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

Solar Inverter, web box data loger, sunny beam, AC / DC protective enclosures Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

Monocrystalline silicon solar panels 260W, dimension 1575x1082x45mm, with 96 (8x12) cells, with 3.2mm transmission tempered glass Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

I-V curve analyser for photovoltaics бase unit (16-bit resolution) for measuring the i-v curves of pv modules and generators with silicon irriadiance sensor(PV-KLA, Mini-KLA) Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

Applications for monitoring of solar power accessed by LAN Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

On-line access to data in the profile SEANURS registered via Sunny Portal Equipment of the Laboratory for Solar Energy

- Point out at the connection between energy, economy and ecology, as a very important element of economic and political stability. - Contribute to the development of the system of public information regarding the need of preserving the environment through sustainable management of energy resources and especially of solar energy with a strong emphasis on the economic development and regional co-operation policy. - Support the dialogue between various interest groups in the field of energy and ecology with special emphasis on rural areas, where production of solar energy may be used as a possibility to create new jobs. - Participate in the creation of energy strategies that will include modern experiences of other countries in the regions, as well as the European energy policy. What do we expect from future research?

 Support, in terms of providing consultancy and information, the development of small and medium enterprises, especially in the sector of production energy from renewable resources.  Work on the promotion of sustainable development by way of appropriate policy and use of renewable energy sources.  Encourage local initiatives in the process of public participation in decision-making, by supporting the introduction of appropriate procedures and by enabling access to information, and implementation of legal rules in the field of renewable energy sources.

 Start an initiative for founding a “Danube” network for renewable energy sources management, which will work on the promotion of use of this type of energy as well as on the programs for saving and efficient use of energy.  - Mobilize financial institutions to encourage financing in the sector of renewable energy sources and work on promoting the measures that should offer support through fiscal and financial policy (lower taxes, lower interest rates).

 Encourage regional cooperation related to energy and ecological issues, where, during the creation of regional energy market, emphasis should be placed on the need to define the area for the so-called „green energy“ in order to boost the production from renewable sources.  To establish solar energy laboratory that could serve for permanent research work in this field.

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