GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHY OF

–RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA l 5 THEMES

LOCATION EXACT 40 * E * W. LONG

LOCATION

LOCATION EXACT 40 * E * W. LONG 81 * N * N. LAT l WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

LOCATION

LOCATION: RELATIVE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE tiny bit of Western Hemisphere

LOCATION

LOCATION

LOCATION RELATIVE l CONTINENTS: EUROPE AND ASIA l NEIGHBORS:CHINA, MONGOLIA, AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, TURKEY, EASTERN EUROPE AND FINLAND l OCEANS: ARCTIC AND PACIFIC

LOCATION RELATIVE l ONE OF ONLY TWO “EURASIAN” NATIONS l ASIATIC RUSSIA CALLED “SIBERIA”

ASIA EUROPE URAL MTs.

SIBERIA

PLACE SIZE l COVERS 1/6 OF THE WORLD’S SURFACE l CROSSES 11 OF 24 TIME ZONES l GIANT AMONG THE “GIGANTICS” l LARGEST OF 8 LARGEST COUNTRIES l OVER 8 MILLION SQ. MI. l LARGEST “LAKE”: CASPIAN SEA

PLACE SIZE l LARGEST NATION IN WORLD l 6000 miles E-W l 2 X SIZE OF CANADA (#2) l LARGEST FOREST l LARGEST PLAIN l DEEPEST LAKE (BAiKAl) l LONGEST COASTLINE l MOST NEIGHBORS l EUROPEs LONGEST RIVER: VOLGA

PLACE CLIMATE 4 FACTORS DETERMINE CLIMATE

PLACE CLIMATE DISTANCE FROM EQUATOR : l LATITUDE l FAR NORTH OF EQUATOR: LITTLE DIRECT SUNLIGHT l AREAS NORTH OF ARCTIC CIRCLE EXPERIENCE POLAR NIGHT l 6 MONTHS DAY / NIGHT l PERMAFROST OR PERMANENTLY FROZEN GROUND

EQUATOR Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle

PLACE CLIMATE l WINDS: l COLD ARCTIC WINDS WHIP ACROSS TUNDRA l WARM SOUTHERN WINDS NEVER REACH RUSSIA

PLACE CLIMATE l MOUNTAIN BARRIERS l WARM SOUTHERN WINDS OFF INDIAN OCEAN ARE BLOCKED BY HIMALAYAS l NO NORTHERN MOUNTAINS BLOCK ARCTIC WINDS

PLACE CLIMATE l DISTANCE FROM OCEANS l MOST OF LAND IS FAR FROM WATER BODIES l MOISTURE FROM OCEANS CANNOT REACH INTERIOR

CLIMATE IS CONTINENTAL l TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: l TEMPS. RANGE 130*- -50* l HAVE 4 SEASONS, VARIED LENGTH l FAR FROM LARGE BODIES OF WATER l WATER MODERATES TEMP. l...NO WATER, NO MODERATING EFFECT l HENCE: TEMP. EXTREMES

Bitter cold Mediterranean Moderate Temperature extremes

CLIMATE IS CONTINENTAL l PRECIPITATION: l RUSSIA IS ONE OF WORLDS DRIEST COUNTRIES l MOST OF IT IS FAR FROM WATER BODIES l MOISTURE CARRYING CLOUDS CANNOT REACH INTERIOR

Semi Arid Arid

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l FIVE CLIMATIC - VEGETATION ZONES l LAY IN BANDS EAST TO WEST l HAVE DISTINCT FLORA AND FAUNA l CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY ARE UNIQUE TO EACH AREA

TUNDRA Tundra Taiga Steppe Desert Mediterranean

TUNDRA

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l TUNDRA l BORDERS ARCTIC OCEAN l REINDEER, ARCTIC HARES, FOXES, WOLVES, POLAR BEARS l NATIVE TRIBES - NOMADIC HERDERS l LOW HARDY GRASSES, MOSSES l PERMAFROST AND POLAR NIGHT l 4 SEASONS: ALL SHORT, BUT WINTER LONG, HARSH

TAIGA

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l TAIGA l FOREST ZONE l CONTAINS 1/4 OF WORLDS HARDWOOD l MOST TREES ARE BROADLEAF AND NEEDLELEAF l HARDWOODS AND PINES

STEPPE

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l STEPPE l COVERS GREAT PLAIN l MASSIVE GRASSLAND l RICH BLACK SOIL: CHERNOZEM l WHEAT MAJOR CROP l RUSSIA’S BREADBASKET

DESERT

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l DESERT l HOT, DRY, BARREN l WITH IRRIGATION, DESERT HAS BECOME PRODUCTIVE l GROW COTTON OTHER CROPS

MEDITERRANEAN

REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l MEDITERRANEAN l VACATION AREA l RIMS THE BLACK SEA l LONG HOT DRY SUMMERS l SHORT MOIST WINTERS l GROW CITRUS FRUITS l MUCH LIKE SOUTHERN CALIF.

RUSSIA

RUSSIA and the Republics

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l PERMAFROST: burial, home building, oil pipelines, sewerage lines, highways l POLAR NIGHT: crime rate, suicide rate, transportation, foods, schools, entertainment, birth rate l TUNDRA: nomadic( follow animals), herd reindeer, no wooden homes.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l TAIGA: big log houses, wood crafts, logging, timbering l STEPPE: herding, farming>chernozem “breadbasket” l DESERT: grazing, with irrigation> farming l MEDITERRANEAN: vacationing, citrus fruits, other crops

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l MOUNTAINS: mining, farming l COASTAL LOWLANDS: farming, fishing, trading l FRESH / SALT LAKES: trading,fishing, harvesting salt l RIVERS: early inhabitants followed rivers, trade followed rivers, cities built along rivers

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY l LANDFORMS GREAT PLAIN: l GREAT GRASSLAND 6000 MI E-W l TRANSPORTATION EASY l NO NATURAL BARRIERS l HISTORIC INVASIONS FROM EAST AND WEST

RUSSIA and the Republics Great Plain

TOPOGRAPHY l MOUNTAINS l URALS: OLD, ERODED. SEPARATE EUROPE /ASIA. RESOURCE RICH l HIMALAYAS: HIGH, RUGGED. FORM SOUTHERN BARRIER. (PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL) l CAUCASUS: RUGGED RIDGE BETWEEN BLACK AND CASPIAN, GERIATRIC MIRACLE

RUSSIA and the Republics Urals Himalayas Caucasus

TOPOGRAPHY l COASTLINE l IN FAR NORTH, FROZEN MOST OF YEAR l VIRTUALLY UNUSABLE l ICEBREAKERS NEEDED TO KEEP PORTS OPEN l MURMANSK ONLY ICE FREE PORT ON ARCTIC l HISTORIC SEARCH FOR “WARM WATER PORT”

RUSSIA and the Republics Arctic Pacific Black Baltic Caspian

RUSSIA and the Republics

TOPOGRAPHY l DESERTS l ONE OF WORLDS DRIEST NATIONS l RESULTS IN SPARCE POPULATIONS l NOMADIC HERDING l FARMING WITH IRRIGATION

RUSSIA and the Republics

TOPOGRAPHY l WATERFORMS l OCEANS: ARCTIC, PACIFIC l CASPIAN SEA: SALT LAKE l ARAL SEA: SALT LAKE l LAKE BAIKAL: OVER 1 MILE DEEP l LAKE BALKASH: 2 ND MAJOR LAKE l BLACK SEA: BORDERS IRAN; VIEWED AS THEIR PRIVATE LAKE

RUSSIA and the Republics Arctic PacificPacific CASPIAN ARAL LAKE BALKASH LAKE BAIKAL BLACK

TOPOGRAPHY l RIVERS l EUROPEAN RIVERS l VALUABLE TRANSPORTATION LINKS: PEOPLE, GOODS, TIMBER l VOLGA LONGEST IN EUROPE l WITH CANALS, LINK MAJOR CITIES l PROVIDE HYDROELECTRIC POWER ( GOLDEN EYE)

TOPOGRAPHY l SIBERIAN RIVERS l MOST ARE UNUSABLE l FROZEN MUCH OF YEAR l MOST FLOW NORTHWARD l TOO SHALLOW

RUSSIA and the Republics Volga Ural Dvina Ob Lena Yenesi Kolyma

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CITIES l MOSCOW: CAPITAL l KIEV, ST. PETERSBURG: OLD CAPITALS l MURMANSK l ARKANGEL l SMOLENSK l VLADIVOSTOK l NOVOSIBIRSK l IRKUTSK

RUSSIA and the Republics MOSCOW KIEV ST. PETERSBURG Arkangel Murmansk Novosibirsk Irkutsk Smolensk Vladavostok

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

GROWTH OF RUSSIA: LATER

RUSSIA