CHAPTER 7 “GLOBAL CULTURES”

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY A. Cultures Include All the Features of a Society’s Way of Life. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHAT MAKES UP A PERSON’S CULTURE. (3 MIN.) 1. Language, religion, government, economics, food, clothing, family and architecture, are all part of a society’s culture.

2. Culture Traits - activities and behaviors that people repeatedly practice. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS SOME CULTURE TRAITS THAT YOU HAVE AND MAY SHARE. (4 MIN.) a. Some are much the same throughout the world. b. Many vary from place to place. c. Often are linked together. d. Change through time.

FROM THE LIST OF CULTURE TRAITS THAT YOU HAVE DEVELOPED FROM THE LIST OF CULTURE TRAITS THAT YOU HAVE DEVELOPED. DISCUSS HOW THEY MAY CHANGE, COMPARE THEM TO OTHER COUNTRIES, ETC. B. An Area with Many Shared Culture Traits is Called a Culture Region. 1. Some countries, such as Japan and France, make up a single culture. 2. Some countries, such as Nigeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo, contain several culture regions.

3. A culture region such as Central America also can be comprised of several countries. C. Cultures are Changing Constantly. 1. Innovation - people are always thinking of new ways of doing things. 2. Cultural Diffusion - when innovations or other culture traits spread into another culture region. a. Gradual spread from its source. b. As people move to a new area.

IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHAT INNOVATIONS HAVE AFFECTED YOUR GENERATION THE MOST. (3 MIN.) HOW AS CULTURE DIFFUSION AFFECTED YOU. (3 MIN.) 3. Acculturation occurs when one culture changes a great deal through its meeting with another culture.

PEOPLE SHAPE THE LAND A. Hunting and Gathering 1. This method was the main way of life for most of human history. 2. In early times, hunters and gathers roamed across large areas. 3. There are few hunters and gatherers left today. a. San Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in Africa. b. Aborigines of the Australian deserts.

c. Inuit (Eskimo) living in Arctic regions B. Agriculture 1. Perhaps the two most important discoveries in world history were how to raise animals and how to plant crops. 2. Agriculture appeared when hunter- gatherers studied a plant or animal so closely that they found out how to grow or tame it.

a. This process is called domestication. b. Agriculture first appeared about 10,000 years ago in several areas of southwestern Asia. c. Agriculture permitted people to grow more food year after year. d. Farming also encouraged village life. 3. Today, many people still make their living by agriculture.

a. Subsistence Agriculture - people grow food on small farms mostly for their own families. b. Commercial Agriculture - growing crops for sale. WHAT DOES THE U.S. PRACTICE. IS THIS THE CASE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. C. City Life 1. First cities appeared more than 5,000 year ago.

2. Urbanization - growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. 3. Culture Hearths - urbanized centers of important new ideas and development. 4. Today, cities are centers of manufacturing, communications, education, government services, and the arts. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS WHAT/WHERE URBANIZATION IS TAKING PART IN THE U.S.? IS THIS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. (5 MIN.)

D. Industrialization 1. Allowed standardized goods to be made in abundance and at lower cost. 2. Grew rapidly in Western Europe during the eighteenth century. a. Became known as the Industrial Revolution. b. Factories clustered near rivers where falling water provided power. c. Most factories were located in cities.

3. Industrialization continues to spread around the world. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS THE POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. WHAT HAS IT BROUGHT TO THE WORLD. (4 MIN.)

CULTURE AND WORLD EVENTS A. Nationalism - feelings of pride and loyalty to one’s country. 1. Can sometimes lead to discrimination, unfairness, or even war. B. Religion 1. A KEY culture trait in many societies. 2. Conflicts arise when people do not tolerate other religions.

C. Traditional Versus Modern Values 1. Some cultures adapt to change easily, whereas other cultures do not. 2. Fundamentalism is a movement that stresses the strict following of basic traditional principles D. Politics 1. In a totalitarian governments, a few people decide what is best for everyone.

2. In democratic governments, everyone has a voice in government. 3. The United Nations is a worldwide organization that tries to settle problems among and within countries. E. Economics 1. Some countries have abundant raw materials and successful industries; others have only a few. a. This situation may encourage poor nations to invade a rich neighbor.

b. In the past, wealthy nations colonized other lands to acquire resources. 2. Sometimes, economic conflicts are nonviolent. a. Tariffs - taxes placed on imports and exports. b. Quotas - limits on the amount of a particular good that can be imported F. Issues in Human Geography 1. The information age is closely linking people throughout the world. (Internet)

2. Fewer raw materials are needed in the information age. 3. As a result of changes brought about by the information age, jobs in traditional industries are disappearing. IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS; USING THE 5 IDEAS WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT WRITE DOWN HOW YOU FEEL THE WORLD IS GOING TO CHANGE IN EACH OF THE THEMES. IS THIS FOR THE BETTER OR WORSE?? (10 MIN.)

POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Cut cultural newspaper articles. Compare contrast similarities and differences. 2. Cut newspaper articles that have to do with cultural backgrounds within the state of Minnesota 3. Newspaper articles that appeal to people from different cultures. 4. Newspaper advertisements for different kinds of cultural foods. How does this relate to where the food comes from and the resources in that country. 5. Learning About Your Local Geography 6. Using the Five Themes of Geography (pg. 77) (collage) 7. Thinking Critically (pg. 77) 8. Section Review (pg. 69, 73, 76) 9. Reviewing the Main Ideas, Building a Voc, Recalling and Reviewing